‘Nature’<\/a>, este revela nuevos tipos de c\u00e9lulas y aportando informaci\u00f3n sobre afecciones como la preeclampsia, el parto prematuro y el aborto espont\u00e1neo.<\/p>\n Mediante herramientas avanzadas de an\u00e1lisis unicelular y espacial, los investigadores analizaron aproximadamente 200.000 c\u00e9lulas individuales y las compararon con cerca de un mill\u00f3n de c\u00e9lulas en sus posiciones originales dentro del tejido uterino y placentario. Esto les permiti\u00f3 identificar diferentes tipos de c\u00e9lulas, rastrear su desarrollo y observar su relaci\u00f3n con las complicaciones del embarazo.<\/p>\n
La interfaz materno-fetal es una estructura temporal pero esencial compuesta por c\u00e9lulas uterinas y placentarias que se forma aproximadamente una semana despu\u00e9s de la fecundaci\u00f3n y perdura durante todo el embarazo. Esta interfaz sustenta el crecimiento fetal a la vez que mantiene la salud de la madre. Su complejidad ha limitado durante mucho tiempo la capacidad de los cient\u00edficos para estudiar c\u00f3mo se desarrollan los embarazos saludables y por qu\u00e9 surgen las complicaciones.<\/p>\n
\u00abAl examinar este tejido c\u00e9lula por c\u00e9lula a lo largo del embarazo, podemos empezar a comprender tanto el desarrollo normal como lo que puede salir mal\u00bb, comenta Susan J. Fisher, profesora de Obstetricia, Ginecolog\u00eda y Ciencias Reproductivas en la UCSF y codirectora del estudio.<\/p>\n
El atlas revel\u00f3 un tipo de c\u00e9lula materna previamente desconocido, ubicada en la zona donde las c\u00e9lulas placentarias fetales ingresan por primera vez al \u00fatero. Estas c\u00e9lulas parecen regular la profundidad con la que las c\u00e9lulas placentarias invaden el tejido uterino, un proceso esencial para establecer el flujo sangu\u00edneo hacia el feto.<\/p>\n
Los investigadores descubrieron que estas c\u00e9lulas poseen un receptor de cannabinoides. La exposici\u00f3n a mol\u00e9culas de cannabinoides provoc\u00f3 que restringieran a\u00fan m\u00e1s la invasi\u00f3n de las c\u00e9lulas placentarias.<\/p>\n
\u00abLos estudios poblacionales han relacionado el consumo de cannabis durante el embarazo con peores resultados. Este tipo de c\u00e9lula podr\u00eda ayudar a explicar la base biol\u00f3gica de esa asociaci\u00f3n\u00bb, agrega Cheng Wang, doctora y primera autora del estudio. <\/p>\n
Para comprender c\u00f3mo surgen las complicaciones, el equipo integr\u00f3 datos gen\u00e9ticos de m\u00e1s de 10.000 pacientes. Mapearon las se\u00f1ales de riesgo gen\u00e9tico para afecciones como el parto prematuro, la preeclampsia y el aborto espont\u00e1neo en regiones reguladoras del ADN que controlan la actividad g\u00e9nica. Este enfoque permiti\u00f3 a los investigadores identificar los tipos y estados celulares espec\u00edficos m\u00e1s fuertemente asociados con cada afecci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n
El equipo se centr\u00f3 entonces en la preeclampsia, un trastorno potencialmente mortal caracterizado por una hipertensi\u00f3n arterial repentina. Descubrieron que los tipos de c\u00e9lulas m\u00e1s afectadas participan en la remodelaci\u00f3n de los vasos sangu\u00edneos uterinos de la madre, un proceso necesario para suministrar suficiente sangre a la placenta. Los hallazgos sugieren que la preeclampsia podr\u00eda deberse a una alteraci\u00f3n en la comunicaci\u00f3n entre las c\u00e9lulas maternas y fetales que normalmente coordinan este proceso.<\/p>\n
Tras haber elaborado un mapa detallado de los embarazos saludables, los investigadores planean estudiar los embarazos complicados para identificar posibles objetivos de tratamiento. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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