‘Science’ <\/a>demuestra que las mismas neuronas cerebrales se activan tanto al imaginar como al percibir algo. Esta investigaci\u00f3n se convierte en la primera en ofrecer una comprensi\u00f3n detallada del mecanismo com\u00fan que subyace a la percepci\u00f3n visual y la creaci\u00f3n de im\u00e1genes mentales en el cerebro humano.<\/p>\n \u00abGeneramos una imagen mental de un objeto que hemos visto antes reactivando las c\u00e9lulas cerebrales que utilizamos para verlo en primer lugar\u00bb, subraya Ueli Rutishauser, doctor en filosof\u00eda, director del Centro de Neurociencia y Medicina y profesor de Neurocirug\u00eda, Neurolog\u00eda y Ciencias Biom\u00e9dicas en la Universidad de Ciencias de la Salud Cedars-Sinai, y coautor principal del estudio. \u00abNuestro estudio revel\u00f3 el c\u00f3digo que utilizamos para recrear esas im\u00e1genes\u00bb.<\/p>\n
Los hallazgos proporcionan una base biol\u00f3gica para la imaginaci\u00f3n visual, un proceso que tambi\u00e9n es fundamental para las artes creativas. \u00abUna mayor comprensi\u00f3n de este proceso neuronal tiene el potencial de abrir caminos hacia el desarrollo de nuevas terapias para el trastorno de estr\u00e9s postraum\u00e1tico, el trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo y otras afecciones mentales que implican im\u00e1genes v\u00edvidas incontroladas\u00bb, aporta Adam Mamelak, director del Programa de Neurocirug\u00eda Funcional y profesor de Neurocirug\u00eda en Cedars-Sinai, y coautor del estudio.<\/p>\n
Para realizar el estudio, los investigadores pidieron a 16 adultos con epilepsia, a quienes se les hab\u00edan implantado temporalmente electrodos en el cerebro para diagnosticar sus crisis epil\u00e9pticas, que observaran una serie de im\u00e1genes de rostros y objetos. Tras observarlas, se pidi\u00f3 a un subgrupo de participantes que imaginaran esas mismas im\u00e1genes de memoria. Mientras tanto, los investigadores registraron la actividad el\u00e9ctrica de cientos de neuronas individuales en el cerebro de cada participante.<\/p>\n
Cuando los pacientes observaron las im\u00e1genes, se activaron neuronas en su giro fusiforme, un \u00e1rea del cerebro esencial para el procesamiento visual de alto nivel, especialmente para los rostros. En el 80% de las neuronas con respuesta visual registradas en el estudio, los investigadores descubrieron los aspectos de las im\u00e1genes a los que reaccionaban, revelando as\u00ed su c\u00f3digo neuronal. Posteriormente, cuando los pacientes imaginaron las im\u00e1genes, aproximadamente el 40% de estas neuronas se reactivaron utilizando el mismo c\u00f3digo, recreando as\u00ed el patr\u00f3n de actividad que se produjo durante la visualizaci\u00f3n inicial de las im\u00e1genes.<\/p>\n
\u00abLas herramientas avanzadas de inteligencia artificial fueron fundamentales para nuestra investigaci\u00f3n en todas las etapas\u00bb, comenta Varun Wadia, doctor en filosof\u00eda, cient\u00edfico postdoctoral en el laboratorio de Rutishauser y primer autor del estudio. \u00abUtilizamos redes neuronales visuales profundas para crear descripciones num\u00e9ricas de objetos y as\u00ed comprender el c\u00f3digo neuronal. Posteriormente, verificamos dicho c\u00f3digo mediante inteligencia artificial generativa para crear im\u00e1genes nunca antes vistas y predecir con precisi\u00f3n las respuestas del cerebro a estas im\u00e1genes\u00bb.<\/p>\n
Seg\u00fan los investigadores, estos hallazgos respaldan la idea de que imaginar y ver comparten un c\u00f3digo neuronal com\u00fan y pueden tener implicaciones importantes para la comprensi\u00f3n de los trastornos psiqui\u00e1tricos caracterizados por alteraciones en las im\u00e1genes mentales y la discriminaci\u00f3n de la realidad. <\/p>\n
A\u00fan queda por determinar qu\u00e9 desencadena la reactivaci\u00f3n neuronal<\/strong> que descubrieron los investigadores, y c\u00f3mo los recuerdos conducen a la reactivaci\u00f3n del subconjunto preciso de neuronas necesarias, seg\u00fan indicaron. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Archivo – Cerebro – GUGURAT\/ ISTOCK –...<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":115139,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[64],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-115138","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-salud"],"yoast_head":"\n
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