Con tan solo 11 a\u00f1os de fundado el Partido Revolucionario Moderno ha gobernado la Rep\u00fablica Dominicana durante cinco de ellos, con un privilegiado apoyo popular que lo mantiene en el primer lugar, muy lejos de los opositores Fuerza del Pueblo (FP) y Partido de la Liberaci\u00f3n Dominicana (PLD).<\/p>\n
\u00bfCu\u00e1l es el motivo por el que el PRM se ha mantenido en la cima de la simpat\u00eda de los electores? Veamos lo que dice el afamado profesor de ciencias pol\u00edticas, Angelo Panebianco, en su obra \u201cModelos de partido. Organizaci\u00f3n y poder en los partidos pol\u00edticos\u201d, en la que muestra de una manera clara la din\u00e1mica interna de los partidos gobernantes. Para el reconocido autor italiano, los partidos son organizaciones atravesadas por relaciones de poder, incentivos selectivos y equilibrios internos que se transforman en funci\u00f3n de su origen y de su proceso de institucionalizaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n
Para Panebianco, \u201cla institucionalizaci\u00f3n de un partido depende del grado en que la organizaci\u00f3n se convierte en un fin en s\u00ed misma\u201d, una afirmaci\u00f3n crucial para analizar a los partidos de gobierno. En ese sentido, cuando una organizaci\u00f3n pol\u00edtica alcanza el poder, se enfrenta a una tensi\u00f3n inevitable: gobernar eficazmente el Estado y, al mismo tiempo, preservar su cohesi\u00f3n interna y su identidad program\u00e1tica. Si el partido no ha alcanzado un adecuado nivel de institucionalizaci\u00f3n, el acceso al poder puede convertirse en un factor de fragmentaci\u00f3n y conflicto interno.<\/p>\n
Siguiendo ese orden, el autor que nos ocupa hace una acertada distinci\u00f3n entre los partidos fuertemente institucionalizados y los que tienen estructuras d\u00e9biles o personalistas. En los primeros, las reglas internas son aceptadas, los liderazgos se legitiman mediante procedimientos claros y la distribuci\u00f3n de incentivos, tales como cargos, reconocimiento, influencia, etc., al tiempo de seguir patrones relativamente previsibles. Mientras que, en los segundos, el liderazgo carism\u00e1tico o coyuntural suele sustituir la organizaci\u00f3n estable, lo que genera vulnerabilidad cuando cambian las circunstancias.<\/p>\n
Al aplicar este criterio al caso del gobernante PRM, Panebianco lo invitar\u00eda a reflexionar sobre la responsabilidad hist\u00f3rica que asume una organizaci\u00f3n pol\u00edtica cuando administra el Estado. El ejercicio gubernamental implica necesariamente la distribuci\u00f3n de recursos y posiciones, lo que activa expectativas dentro de la militancia.<\/p>\n
En ese sentido, el autor sostiene que para contribuir al \u00e9xito del gobierno el partido oficial debe evitar convertirse exclusivamente en una maquinaria de acceso a cargos, ya que, si la organizaci\u00f3n se reduce a la l\u00f3gica del reparto, su cohesi\u00f3n depender\u00e1 \u00fanicamente de la permanencia en el poder. En cambio, si fortalece su institucionalizaci\u00f3n \u2014reglas claras, formaci\u00f3n pol\u00edtica, disciplina organizativa y canales efectivos de participaci\u00f3n\u2014 podr\u00e1 sostener su influencia m\u00e1s all\u00e1 de coyunturas electorales.<\/p>\n
En un partido de gobierno debe prevalecer una relaci\u00f3n arm\u00f3nica entre sus directivos y el equipo gubernamental. Esto lo han comprendido los dirigentes perremeistas. La coordinaci\u00f3n, la claridad en los roles y el respeto a la institucionalidad evitan conflictos que afecten la acci\u00f3n del Ejecutivo.<\/p>\n
Reviste gran importancia que el PRM asuma que su principal activo para retener el poder es el buen Gobierno que haga. Sin embargo, el aporte de Panebianco sugiere que el \u00e9xito de un partido de gobierno no radica \u00fanicamente en ganar elecciones, sino en construir, adem\u00e1s, una organizaci\u00f3n s\u00f3lida, institucionalizada y orientada por un proyecto colectivo.<\/p>\n
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Comp\u00e1rtelo en tus redes:<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
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