{"id":131790,"date":"2026-04-17T18:59:18","date_gmt":"2026-04-17T18:59:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/69e259194186ee3843bda78b"},"modified":"2026-04-17T18:59:18","modified_gmt":"2026-04-17T18:59:18","slug":"como-calculan-los-astronautas-la-velocidad-a-la-que-viajan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sarmiento24h.com\/?p=131790","title":{"rendered":"C\u00f3mo calculan los astronautas la velocidad a la que viajan"},"content":{"rendered":"

Volvamos a utilizar nuestro auto, pero esta vez obtendremos cifras reales del aceler\u00f3metro de nuestro smartphone<\/em>. Supongamos que partimos de un sem\u00e1foro en rojo y aceleramos a 2 m\/s2<\/sup> (metros por segundo al cuadrado) durante cinco segundos. Seg\u00fan la ecuaci\u00f3n anterior, \u0394v1<\/strong> ser\u00eda 2 x 5 = 10 m\/s, as\u00ed que esa es nuestra velocidad. Ahora, despu\u00e9s de ir a velocidad de crucero durante un rato, aceleramos de nuevo a 1 m\/s2<\/sup> durante cinco segundos m\u00e1s. \u0394v2<\/strong> es entonces 1 x 5 = 5 m\/s. Sumando estos dos cambios, nuestra velocidad es ahora de 15 m\/s. Y as\u00ed sucesivamente.<\/p>\n

El \u00fanico problema es que la medici\u00f3n inercial no es tan precisa como el m\u00e9todo Doppler durante largos periodos de tiempo, ya que los peque\u00f1os errores se van acumulando. Eso significa que tienes que recalibrar tu sistema peri\u00f3dicamente utilizando alg\u00fan otro m\u00e9todo.<\/p>\n

\n
\"Cohete<\/picture><\/span><\/div>\n
\n
La extra\u00f1a apuesta por convertir el agua en combustible para cohetes<\/a><\/div>\n

General Galactic, cofundada por un exingeniero de SpaceX, planea probar su propulsor a base de agua este oto\u00f1o. Si tiene \u00e9xito, podr\u00eda marcar el comienzo de una nueva era de viajes espaciales.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Navegaci\u00f3n \u00f3ptica<\/h2>\n

En la Tierra, la gente ha navegado durante mucho tiempo por las estrellas. En el hemisferio norte, basta con encontrar Polaris. Se llama Estrella Polar porque el eje de rotaci\u00f3n de la Tierra apunta justo hacia ella. Por eso parece inm\u00f3vil, mientras que las dem\u00e1s estrellas parecen girar a su alrededor. Si apuntas con un dedo a Polaris estar\u00e1s apuntando al Norte, y puedes utilizar esa orientaci\u00f3n para ir en la direcci\u00f3n que quieras.<\/p>\n

Ahora bien, si puedes medir el \u00e1ngulo de Polaris sobre el horizonte, tambi\u00e9n conocer\u00e1s tu latitud. Si el \u00e1ngulo es de 30 grados, est\u00e1s a 30 grados de latitud. Ves, es f\u00e1cil. Y una vez que puedes medir la posici\u00f3n, solo necesitas hacerlo dos veces y registrar el intervalo de tiempo para encontrar tu velocidad.<\/p>\n

Pero la navegaci\u00f3n celeste funciona porque sabemos c\u00f3mo gira la Tierra<\/a>, y eso no ayuda en una nave espacial. Bueno, \u00bfpodemos usar las estrellas<\/a> como si fueran \u00e1rboles? No. Las estrellas est\u00e1n tan lejos, que los astronautas necesitar\u00edan viajar durante muchas, muchas generaciones para detectar cualquier cambio en su posici\u00f3n. Al igual que el avi\u00f3n<\/a> que vuela sobre el mar, parecer\u00eda estar inm\u00f3vil, incluso mientras viaja a 25.000 mph.<\/p>\n

Pero a\u00fan podemos utilizar la idea b\u00e1sica. Para la navegaci\u00f3n \u00f3ptica en el espacio, una nave espacial puede localizar otros objetos en el sistema solar.<\/a> Conociendo la ubicaci\u00f3n exacta de estos objetos, que cambian con el tiempo, y d\u00f3nde aparecen en relaci\u00f3n con el observador, es posible triangular una posici\u00f3n. Y, de nuevo, tomando m\u00faltiples medidas de posici\u00f3n a lo largo del tiempo, se puede calcular una velocidad.<\/p>\n

Al final, aunque las naves espaciales<\/a> carecen de veloc\u00edmetro, es posible seguir su velocidad indirectamente con un poco de f\u00edsica. Pero es solo otro ejemplo de que volar en el espacio es totalmente diferente, y mucho m\u00e1s complicado, que conducir o volar en la Tierra.<\/p>\n

Art\u00edculo originalmente publicado en<\/em> WIRED.<\/a> Adaptado por Alondra Flores.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Volvamos a utilizar nuestro auto, pero esta...<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":131791,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[46],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-131790","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tecnologia"],"yoast_head":"\nC\u00f3mo calculan los astronautas la velocidad a la que viajan - Sarmiento24h<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/sarmiento24h.com\/?p=131790\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"C\u00f3mo calculan los astronautas la velocidad a la que viajan - 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