{"id":156207,"date":"2026-04-26T16:29:01","date_gmt":"2026-04-26T16:29:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/69ebeb80846435f9cfb00149"},"modified":"2026-04-26T16:29:01","modified_gmt":"2026-04-26T16:29:01","slug":"decubren-al-verdadero-kraken-pulpos-prehistoricos-de-hasta-19-metros-de-largo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sarmiento24h.com\/?p=156207","title":{"rendered":"Decubren al verdadero kraken: pulpos prehist\u00f3ricos de hasta 19 metros de largo"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>La figura mitol\u00f3gica del kraken, aquella criatura legendaria que con sus tent\u00e1culos colosales se cree que hund\u00eda barcos y devoraba marineros, podr\u00eda estar basada en la existencia real de pulpos gigantes que habitaron los oc\u00e9anos durante el Cret\u00e1cico Superior, hace entre 100 y 72 millones de a\u00f1os. Investigadores de la Universidad de Hokkaid\u014d (en Jap\u00f3n) identificaron dos especies de cefal\u00f3podos antiguos cuyas mand\u00edbulas f\u00f3siles sugieren que pudieron alcanzar hasta 19 metros de longitud.<\/p>\n<p>En el pasado se han documentado pulpos de gran tama\u00f1o pertenecientes al mismo per\u00edodo geol\u00f3gico gracias al an\u00e1lisis de sus mand\u00edbulas. Sin embargo, <strong>a\u00fan se desconoc\u00edan aspectos clave sobre su dieta, dimensiones exactas y papel dentro del ecosistema marino.<\/strong><\/p>\n<hr>\n<div class=\"ContentCardEmbedWrapper-hkvhYu kMYDit content-card-embed content-card-embed--stacked\" data-testid=\"ContentCardEmbedWrapper\" readability=\"18.031746031746\">\n<div class=\"ContentCardEmbedImage-bqahne fjmzkP content-card-embed__image\" data-testid=\"ContentCardEmbedImage\"><span class=\"SpanWrapper-kFnjvc eKnjjD responsive-asset\"><picture class=\"ResponsiveImagePicture-jKunQM gjCCFj responsive-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"calamar vampiro\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"ResponsiveImageContainer-dkeESL cQPiWi responsive-image__image\" srcset=\"https:\/\/media.es.wired.com\/photos\/69331d2dc452a4169045f36a\/master\/w_120,c_limit\/Screenshot%202025-12-01%20alle%2012.27.26.png 120w, https:\/\/media.es.wired.com\/photos\/69331d2dc452a4169045f36a\/master\/w_240,c_limit\/Screenshot%202025-12-01%20alle%2012.27.26.png 240w, https:\/\/media.es.wired.com\/photos\/69331d2dc452a4169045f36a\/master\/w_320,c_limit\/Screenshot%202025-12-01%20alle%2012.27.26.png 320w, https:\/\/media.es.wired.com\/photos\/69331d2dc452a4169045f36a\/master\/w_640,c_limit\/Screenshot%202025-12-01%20alle%2012.27.26.png 640w\" sizes=\"100vw\" src=\"https:\/\/media.es.wired.com\/photos\/69331d2dc452a4169045f36a\/master\/w_775%2Cc_limit\/Screenshot%25202025-12-01%2520alle%252012.27.26.png\"><\/picture><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"ContentCardEmbedInfo-buyHWH gWLOee\" readability=\"19.15873015873\">\n<div class=\"BaseText-fEwdHD ContentCardEmbedHed-kDKGDs fUtEc dlHXUJ content-card-embed__hed\" data-testid=\"ContentCardEmbedHed\"><a class=\"BaseLink-haTOKm ContentCardEmbedHedLink-iBZsco gAoKdC hhUFQU content-card-embed__hed-link link\" href=\"https:\/\/es.wired.com\/articulos\/este-es-el-calamar-vampiro-un-fosil-viviente-que-nos-ayudo-a-descubrir-los-antiguos-origenes-de-los-pulpos\" data-testid=\"ContentCardEmbedHedLink\">Este es el calamar vampiro, un f\u00f3sil viviente que nos ayud\u00f3 a descubrir los antiguos or\u00edgenes de los pulpos<\/a><\/div>\n<p>Pulpos, calamares y sepias se diferenciaron hace m\u00e1s de 300 millones de a\u00f1os. Se trata del mayor genoma de cefal\u00f3podos analizado hasta hoy.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<hr>\n<p>Para abordar estas lagunas de conocimiento, un equipo liderado por los paleont\u00f3logos Shin Ikegami y Yasuhiro Iba analiz\u00f3 27 f\u00f3siles de pulpos del Cret\u00e1cico. De ellos, 15 ya hab\u00edan sido clasificados como restos de <em>Octobrachia<\/em>, mientras que los 12 restantes correspond\u00edan a nuevos hallazgos.<\/p>\n<p>Todas las muestras fueron examinadas mediante una t\u00e9cnica innovadora conocida como extracci\u00f3n mineral de f\u00f3siles, la cual emplea un sistema de inteligencia artificial capaz de <a href=\"https:\/\/es.wired.com\/articulos\/un-recien-hallazgo-de-13-dientes-en-etiopia-desafia-las-teorias-sobre-la-evolucion-humana\">reconstruir el material fosilizado<\/a> tras procesar im\u00e1genes capa por capa de las rocas carbonatadas.<\/p>\n<p>Los resultados revelaron que los espec\u00edmenes examinados pertenec\u00edan a dos especies de pulpos con aletas: <em>Nanaimoteuthis jeletzkyi<\/em> y <em>N. haggarti<\/em>. Ambas se distinguen por su gran tama\u00f1o, aunque <em>N. haggarti<\/em> habr\u00eda sido la de mayores dimensiones, con una longitud estimada de entre 7 y casi 19 metros.<\/p>\n<p>En particular, los investigadores calcularon que, en ambos casos, la parte principal del cuerpo (conocida como manto) med\u00eda entre 67 y 443 cent\u00edmetros de largo. Al considerar la extensi\u00f3n de los tent\u00e1culos, <em>N. jeletzkyi<\/em> pudo alcanzar entre 2.8 y 7.7 metros, mientras que <strong><em>N. haggarti<\/em> habr\u00eda oscilado entre 6.6 y 18.6 metros de longitud total.<\/strong><\/p>\n<figure data-testid=\"IframeEmbed\" class=\"IframeEmbedWrapper-sc-fixZhC fJBrNq iframe-embed\"><\/figure>\n<p>Los cient\u00edficos llegaron a estas estimaciones tras realizar un an\u00e1lisis comparativo basado en la relaci\u00f3n entre el tama\u00f1o de las mand\u00edbulas y el de los pulpos actuales. Este m\u00e9todo ya se hab\u00eda utilizado previamente para inferir el tama\u00f1o de especies extintas. Sin embargo, a diferencia de estudios anteriores, el equipo japon\u00e9s compar\u00f3 las mand\u00edbulas fosilizadas con una docena de especies modernas. Este enfoque permiti\u00f3 ampliar el rango de referencia y reducir posibles sesgos derivados del uso de una sola especie como referencia.<\/p>\n<p>El estudio, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/science.aea6285\">publicado en la revista <em>Science<\/em><\/a>, no solo logr\u00f3 establecer el tama\u00f1o aproximado de estos pulpos antiguos, sino que tambi\u00e9n aport\u00f3 evidencia sobre su posici\u00f3n en la cadena tr\u00f3fica. Los resultados indican que estas especies prehist\u00f3ricas ocupaban un lugar destacado entre los depredadores del Cret\u00e1cico.<\/p>\n<p>El an\u00e1lisis mostr\u00f3 que las mand\u00edbulas presentaban un desgaste considerable, con bordes astillados y ara\u00f1azos, lo que podr\u00eda haber reducido aproximadamente un 10% la longitud total de la mand\u00edbula en los ejemplares de mayor tama\u00f1o. \u201cLos patrones de desgaste sugieren que <strong>estos pulpos se alimentaban de grandes reptiles marinos de la \u00e9poca<\/strong>, incluidos plesiosaurios y mosasaurios, que pod\u00edan alcanzar hasta 17 metros de longitud\u201d, se\u00f1alaron los autores.<\/p>\n<h2>Depredadores muy inteligentes<\/h2>\n<p>Los investigadores plantean que el gran tama\u00f1o y la capacidad depredadora de estos pulpos gigantes podr\u00edan ser el resultado de un <a href=\"https:\/\/es.wired.com\/articulos\/este-pulpo-desarrollo-un-noveno-tentaculo-que-piensa-por-si-solo\">proceso evolutivo<\/a> convergente. Explican que, mientras los vertebrados marinos depredadores perdieron estructuras externas r\u00edgidas y redujeron sus escamas para desarrollar cuerpos m\u00e1s hidrodin\u00e1micos, los cefal\u00f3podos tambi\u00e9n minimizaron o eliminaron sus conchas externas, transform\u00e1ndose en organismos de cuerpo blando. En este contexto, el aumento de tama\u00f1o y la mejora en sus habilidades depredadoras habr\u00edan surgido como mecanismos para compensar las vulnerabilidades asociadas a esta anatom\u00eda.<\/p>\n<p>Finalmente, el estudio sugiere que estos pulpos gigantes pose\u00edan caracter\u00edsticas cognitivas avanzadas, comparables a las observadas en cefal\u00f3podos actuales. Esta hip\u00f3tesis se basa en la detecci\u00f3n de un desgaste asim\u00e9trico en las mand\u00edbulas: el lado derecho presentaba mayor erosi\u00f3n que el izquierdo en ambas especies. Este patr\u00f3n apunta a un comportamiento de lateralizaci\u00f3n, es decir, la tendencia a utilizar por elecci\u00f3n un lado del cuerpo. Dicho rasgo se asocia en animales modernos con cerebros particularmente desarrollados y procesos cognitivos complejos.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cNuestro descubrimiento de pulpos como superdepredadores subraya que la evoluci\u00f3n convergente de mand\u00edbulas robustas y la reducci\u00f3n de esqueletos superficiales, tanto en cefal\u00f3podos como en vertebrados, es clave para convertirse en un gran depredador marino inteligente\u201d, concluyen los autores.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La figura mitol\u00f3gica del kraken, aquella criatura&#46;&#46;&#46;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":156208,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[46],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-156207","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tecnologia"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - 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