{"id":159544,"date":"2026-04-27T20:47:01","date_gmt":"2026-04-27T20:47:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/69efaf84c7415218acbcb8fa"},"modified":"2026-04-27T20:47:01","modified_gmt":"2026-04-27T20:47:01","slug":"por-que-los-bosques-brillan-en-dias-de-tormenta-y-como-lograron-grabarlo-por-primera-vez","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sarmiento24h.com\/?p=159544","title":{"rendered":"Por qu\u00e9 los bosques brillan en d\u00edas de tormenta y c\u00f3mo lograron grabarlo por primera vez"},"content":{"rendered":"

Cuando una tormenta el\u00e9ctrica pasa por encima de un bosque, adem\u00e1s del rayo, que es un fen\u00f3meno de descarga el\u00e9ctrica a gran escala, se produce en secreto otro fen\u00f3meno el\u00e9ctrico, conocido como \u00abefecto corona\u00bb.<\/p>\n

\u00bfQu\u00e9 es el efecto corona?<\/h2>\n

El efecto corona son descargas el\u00e9ctricas sostenidas causadas por la formaci\u00f3n de un campo el\u00e9ctrico no uniforme alrededor de un electrodo puntiagudo. Suelen producirse en las l\u00edneas el\u00e9ctricas cuando llueve y tambi\u00e9n se conocen en la naturaleza como un fen\u00f3meno en el que la d\u00e9bil electricidad generada en las puntas de las hojas y otras partes de los \u00e1rboles durante una tormenta hace que emitan luz. Sin embargo, nunca se hab\u00eda observado directamente el efecto corona de origen natural en los bosques<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Recientemente, un equipo de investigadores de la Universidad Estatal de Pensilvania ha<\/a> sido el primero del mundo en observar directamente la luminiscencia del efecto corona<\/strong> que se produce en los \u00e1rboles, utilizando un dispositivo de observaci\u00f3n ultravioleta (UV) \u00fanico. La antigua predicci\u00f3n te\u00f3rica de que los bosques brillan en d\u00edas de tormenta ha sido finalmente confirmada por pruebas directas.<\/p>\n

\u00abLas descargas coronales son casi invisibles a simple vista, pero nuestros instrumentos producen una imagen del fen\u00f3meno, en la que grandes extensiones de bosque brillan al paso de una tormenta\u00bb, explica<\/a> Patrick McFarland, estudiante de doctorado en meteorolog\u00eda y ciencias atmosf\u00e9ricas de la Universidad Estatal de Pensilvania.<\/p>\n

\n
\"efecto<\/picture><\/span><\/div>\n
<\/p>\n

Efecto corona que aparece en la punta de una hoja en un laboratorio casi a oscuras. A la izquierda la descarga positiva y a la derecha la negativa.<\/p>\n

<\/span>Foto: William Brune\/The Pennsylvania State University<\/span><\/div>\n<\/figure>\n

\u00bfQu\u00e9 ocurre en la punta de la hoja?<\/h2>\n

El efecto corona en la naturaleza se produce por un desequilibrio en el campo el\u00e9ctrico causado por las nubes de tormenta. Al acumularse cargas negativas en las nubes de tormenta, las cargas positivas de la superficie del suelo ascienden por los \u00e1rboles y se concentran en las estructuras m\u00e1s finas, como las puntas de las hojas. En estos lugares microsc\u00f3picos, el campo el\u00e9ctrico se vuelve extremadamente intenso y se producen d\u00e9biles emisiones en las regiones visible y ultravioleta. Mientras que los rel\u00e1mpagos son descargas violentas que elevan la temperatura de la atm\u00f3sfera a decenas de miles de grados cent\u00edgrados, el efecto corona es muy d\u00e9bil, con una temperatura en la descarga apenas ligeramente superior a la de la atm\u00f3sfera circundante.<\/p>\n

Incluso estas descargas extremadamente d\u00e9biles desempe\u00f1an un papel importante en la qu\u00edmica atmosf\u00e9rica. Estudios anteriores han demostrado que la radiaci\u00f3n ultravioleta emitida por el efecto corona descompone las mol\u00e9culas de vapor de agua para producir radicales hidroxilo (OH), los principales agentes oxidantes de la atm\u00f3sfera.<\/p>\n

Los radicales hidroxilo reaccionan con los contaminantes atmosf\u00e9ricos y el metano, gas de efecto invernadero, convirti\u00e9ndolos en sustancias m\u00e1s f\u00e1ciles de eliminar. Las estimaciones del equipo de investigaci\u00f3n indican que la cantidad de OH producida cerca de las copas de los \u00e1rboles en una sola tormenta puede ser al menos 1,000 veces mayor que todos los dem\u00e1s mecanismos de producci\u00f3n conocidos juntos.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Cuando una tormenta el\u00e9ctrica pasa por encima...<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":159545,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[46],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-159544","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tecnologia"],"yoast_head":"\nPor qu\u00e9 los bosques brillan en d\u00edas de tormenta y c\u00f3mo lograron grabarlo por primera vez - Sarmiento24h<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/sarmiento24h.com\/?p=159544\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Por qu\u00e9 los bosques brillan en d\u00edas de tormenta y c\u00f3mo lograron grabarlo por primera vez - 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