{"id":220305,"date":"2026-05-18T22:47:30","date_gmt":"2026-05-18T22:47:30","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/6a0b83a4bb49b7e81be91656"},"modified":"2026-05-18T22:47:30","modified_gmt":"2026-05-18T22:47:30","slug":"indigenas-andinos-desarrollaron-una-adaptacion-genetica-unica-para-digerir-almidon","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sarmiento24h.com\/?p=220305","title":{"rendered":"Ind\u00edgenas andinos desarrollaron una adaptaci\u00f3n gen\u00e9tica \u00fanica para digerir almid\u00f3n"},"content":{"rendered":"

Los pueblos ind\u00edgenas de los Andes fueron los primeros en domesticar la papa hace entre 6,000 y 10,000 a\u00f1os. Desde entonces, este cultivo se convirti\u00f3 en un elemento central de su alimentaci\u00f3n y, con el paso del tiempo, habr\u00eda influido en una adaptaci\u00f3n gen\u00e9tica que hoy distingue a sus descendientes en Per\u00fa. De acuerdo con una nueva investigaci\u00f3n, esta poblaci\u00f3n posee una capacidad excepcional para digerir el almid\u00f3n, un hallazgo que refuerza la relaci\u00f3n entre la dieta y la evoluci\u00f3n gen\u00e9tica humana.<\/p>\n

El estudio, realizado por cient\u00edficos de la Universidad de California en Los \u00c1ngeles (UCLA) y la Universidad de Buffalo, retoma investigaciones previas que hab\u00edan detectado que las poblaciones ind\u00edgenas andinas cuentan con variantes gen\u00e9ticas asociadas a una mejor digesti\u00f3n<\/a> del almid\u00f3n<\/strong>, en comparaci\u00f3n con grupos que incorporaron la papa a su alimentaci\u00f3n mucho m\u00e1s recientemente.<\/p>\n

\n
\n
\"Ilustraci\u00f3n<\/picture><\/span><\/div>\n
\n
Estamos perdiendo la capacidad de digerir plantas por el estilo de vida moderno<\/a><\/div>\n

Las sociedades preindustrializadas pose\u00edan tres bacterias que pod\u00edan fermentar las plantas que llegaban al est\u00f3mago, hoy ya no contamos con ellas.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n

Omer Gokcumen, antrop\u00f3logo evolutivo de la Universidad de Buffalo y coautor del trabajo, se\u00f1ala<\/a> que \u201clos bi\u00f3logos sospechan desde hace tiempo que distintos grupos humanos han desarrollado adaptaciones gen\u00e9ticas en respuesta a su dieta, pero existen pocos casos en los que la evidencia sea realmente s\u00f3lida\u201d.<\/p>\n

La nueva investigaci\u00f3n busc\u00f3 explicar el origen de esta adaptaci\u00f3n gen\u00e9tica observada en los pueblos andinos. Seg\u00fan el art\u00edculo publicado<\/a> este mes en la revista Nature<\/em>, los especialistas recolectaron muestras de sangre de diversas comunidades ind\u00edgenas de Am\u00e9rica Latina para estudiar su ADN. Entre los participantes se incluyeron quechuas de Per\u00fa, reclutados tanto en ciudades a nivel del mar, como Lima, como en regiones de gran altitud, entre ellas Cerro de Pasco. Tambi\u00e9n participaron ind\u00edgenas mayas mexicanos hablantes de tzeltal, tzotzil y ch\u2019ol, reclutados en zonas cercanas a Palenque, Chiapas.<\/p>\n

La informaci\u00f3n obtenida se compar\u00f3 con bases de datos gen\u00e9ticas internacionales ya existentes, que inclu\u00edan muestras de poblaciones de distintas regiones del mundo, entre ellas grupos tibetanos y habitantes de Oriente Medio.<\/p>\n

Tras analizar el genoma de m\u00e1s de 3,720 personas pertenecientes a 85 poblaciones distintas, los investigadores identificaron la presencia del gen AMY1 en pr\u00e1cticamente todos los participantes. Este gen est\u00e1 relacionado con la producci\u00f3n de amilasa, una enzima generada por las gl\u00e1ndulas salivales que ayuda a descomponer carbohidratos complejos, como el almid\u00f3n, desde el proceso de masticaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n

Los resultados mostraron que la mayor\u00eda de las personas posee un promedio de siete copias del gen AMY1. Sin embargo, entre los ind\u00edgenas quechuas de Per\u00fa se detect\u00f3 un promedio de 10 copias,<\/strong> una diferencia que, seg\u00fan los autores, podr\u00eda haber representado una ventaja evolutiva vinculada con la supervivencia o la reproducci\u00f3n de aproximadamente 1.24% por generaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n

Los investigadores sostienen que la expansi\u00f3n del cultivo de papa en los Andes habr\u00eda favorecido indirectamente esta caracter\u00edstica gen\u00e9tica. No obstante, Gokcumen aclara que el fen\u00f3meno no significa que las poblaciones ind\u00edgenas desarrollaran nuevas copias del gen simplemente por consumir este tub\u00e9rculo.<\/p>\n

\u201cNo es que los ind\u00edgenas andinos adquirieran copias adicionales del gen AMY1 una vez que empezaron a comer papas. M\u00e1s bien, aquellos con menos copias fueron desapareciendo gradualmente de la poblaci\u00f3n, posiblemente porque tuvieron menos descendencia, mientras que quienes pose\u00edan m\u00e1s copias sobrevivieron y transmitieron esa caracter\u00edstica<\/a>\u201d, explic\u00f3 el especialista.<\/p>\n

Los humanos no dejan de evolucionar y su dieta es factor<\/h2>\n

Bajo esta interpretaci\u00f3n, la mayor capacidad para digerir almid\u00f3n en los pueblos quechuas ser\u00eda el resultado de un proceso de selecci\u00f3n natural que actu\u00f3 durante miles de a\u00f1os.<\/p>\n

El equipo cient\u00edfico tambi\u00e9n explor\u00f3 otra posible explicaci\u00f3n: que este rasgo hubiera surgido tras el colapso demogr\u00e1fico ind\u00edgena ocurrido despu\u00e9s de la llegada de los europeos a Am\u00e9rica en el siglo XV, un periodo marcado por epidemias, violencia y hambrunas que transform\u00f3 profundamente a las poblaciones originarias.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Los pueblos ind\u00edgenas de los Andes fueron...<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":220306,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[46],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-220305","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tecnologia"],"yoast_head":"\nInd\u00edgenas andinos desarrollaron una adaptaci\u00f3n gen\u00e9tica \u00fanica para digerir almid\u00f3n - Sarmiento24h<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/sarmiento24h.com\/?p=220305\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ind\u00edgenas andinos desarrollaron una adaptaci\u00f3n gen\u00e9tica \u00fanica para digerir almid\u00f3n - 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