{"id":304803,"date":"2026-06-30T14:36:58","date_gmt":"2026-06-30T14:36:58","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/6a42b675a2c6ea56e0cf1351"},"modified":"2026-06-30T14:36:58","modified_gmt":"2026-06-30T14:36:58","slug":"el-extrano-caso-de-las-galaxias-sin-materia-oscura","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sarmiento24h.com\/?p=304803","title":{"rendered":"El extra\u00f1o caso de las galaxias sin materia oscura"},"content":{"rendered":"

La materia oscura es uno de los mayores enigmas de la cosmolog\u00eda moderna. Aunque nunca se ha observado de forma directa, su existencia se infiere a partir de sus efectos gravitacionales: sin ella, ser\u00eda imposible explicar la velocidad a la que giran las galaxias, la manera en que se agrupan en c\u00famulos o la evoluci\u00f3n de las grandes estructuras del universo. Los modelos actuales estiman que constituye cerca del 85% de toda la materia, pero sigue siendo invisible porque no emite, absorbe ni refleja luz y apenas interact\u00faa con la materia ordinaria.<\/p>\n

Durante d\u00e9cadas, los astr\u00f3nomos han intentado comprender su naturaleza mediante observaciones indirectas y modelos te\u00f3ricos. Parad\u00f3jicamente, algunas de las pistas m\u00e1s valiosas podr\u00edan provenir de galaxias donde la materia oscura<\/a> parece estar ausente. Un equipo de investigadores de la Universidad de Yale, liderado por el astrof\u00edsico Michal Keim, identific\u00f3 NGC 1052-DF9, la tercera galaxia conocida con una cantidad sorprendentemente baja de materia oscura. Lejos de poner en duda su existencia, este hallazgo ofrece una oportunidad \u00fanica para entender c\u00f3mo se forma, se distribuye y qu\u00e9 papel desempe\u00f1a en la evoluci\u00f3n de las galaxias.<\/a><\/p>\n

El objetivo de los cient\u00edficos ahora es comprender si estas tres galaxias sin materia oscura son la excepci\u00f3n que confirma la regla o si ocultan nueva f\u00edsica a\u00fan por descubrir. El estudio<\/a> fue publicado en The Astrophysical Journal.<\/p>\n

La anomal\u00eda de DF9 y su peso estelar<\/h2>\n

Las otras dos galaxias sin materia oscura (NGC 1052-DF2 y NGC 1052-DF4), adem\u00e1s de presentar c\u00famulos globulares inusualmente brillantes, forman una especie de \u00abrastro\u00bb con las otras galaxias de baja luminosidad en el campo de visi\u00f3n de NGC 1052. \u00abSi las otras galaxias en esta estela se formaron junto con DF2 y DF4, a partir de gas separado de la materia oscura a trav\u00e9s de una colisi\u00f3n, tambi\u00e9n podr\u00edan carecer de ella. DF9 era el candidato ideal para probar esta hip\u00f3tesis, al ser el an\u00e1logo m\u00e1s cercano en brillo y tama\u00f1o a DF2 y DF4\u00bb, escriben los investigadores.<\/p>\n

Para medir la \u00abausencia\u00bb, los investigadores tuvieron que calcular la llamada masa din\u00e1mica del sistema observando c\u00f3mo se mueven las estrellas en su interior: la m\u00e9trica precisa se llama dispersi\u00f3n de velocidad estelar, que para DF9 es de alrededor de 6.5 km\/s. Si la galaxia tuviera un halo de materia oscura normal, la velocidad de sus estrellas deber\u00eda haber sido cuatro veces mayor, de ah\u00ed la conclusi\u00f3n de los investigadores de que, al igual que con DF2 y DF4, la materia oscura no es necesaria para explicar la din\u00e1mica de DF9.<\/p>\n

\n
\"article<\/picture><\/span><\/div>\n
\n
En el universo temprano hay galaxias muertas, y ya sabemos qu\u00e9 podr\u00eda estar acabando con ellas<\/a><\/div>\n

Astr\u00f3nomos encontraron la primera evidencia directa de un viento c\u00f3smico capaz de apagar galaxias al expulsar el gas que alimenta la formaci\u00f3n de nuevas estrellas.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Galaxias en la balanza<\/h2>\n

Los autores piden interpretar los resultados con cautela. Estudiar una galaxia tan peque\u00f1a y distante implica importantes limitaciones observacionales. Para estimar su masa, el equipo analiz\u00f3 m\u00e1s de 10 horas de datos obtenidos con el espectr\u00f3grafo Keck Cosmic Web Imager (KCWI), instalado en el Observatorio Keck, en Haw\u00e1i. Sin embargo, medir con precisi\u00f3n la velocidad a la que se mueven las estrellas dentro de la galaxia<\/a> es una tarea compleja.<\/p>\n

Las mediciones pueden verse afectadas por fen\u00f3menos propios de las estrellas, como su rotaci\u00f3n, la turbulencia de sus capas externas o la presencia de sistemas binarios, factores que alteran las se\u00f1ales espectrales. Para corregir estos efectos, los investigadores recurrieron a modelos estad\u00edsticos basados en observaciones de estrellas similares, lo que a\u00f1ade un margen de incertidumbre a los resultados. A esto se suma otro desaf\u00edo: la estimaci\u00f3n de la distancia a la galaxia, un dato clave para calcular su masa y cuya precisi\u00f3n influye directamente en las conclusiones del estudio.<\/p>\n

<\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La materia oscura es uno de los...<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":304804,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[46],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-304803","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tecnologia"],"yoast_head":"\nEl extra\u00f1o caso de las galaxias sin materia oscura - Sarmiento24h<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/sarmiento24h.com\/?p=304803\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"El extra\u00f1o caso de las galaxias sin materia oscura - 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