{"id":324306,"date":"2026-07-12T14:26:49","date_gmt":"2026-07-12T14:26:49","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/6a51231297490bf18136316d"},"modified":"2026-07-12T14:26:49","modified_gmt":"2026-07-12T14:26:49","slug":"logran-en-un-laboratorio-el-efecto-que-produce-un-agujero-negro-al-girar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sarmiento24h.com\/?p=324306","title":{"rendered":"Logran en un laboratorio el efecto que produce un agujero negro al girar"},"content":{"rendered":"

Un equipo de investigadores consigui\u00f3 recrear en un laboratorio las condiciones f\u00edsicas necesarias para observar un fen\u00f3meno que, hasta ahora, era pr\u00e1cticamente imposible comprobar de forma directa: la capacidad de los agujeros negros en rotaci\u00f3n para ceder parte de su energ\u00eda a las ondas que interact\u00faan con ellos. La idea circula desde hace m\u00e1s de medio siglo en la f\u00edsica, y el nuevo experimento la puso a prueba mediante un sistema an\u00e1logo a un agujero negro.<\/p>\n

La teor\u00eda fue propuesta por el f\u00edsico Roger Penrose en 1969. En t\u00e9rminos generales, plantea que un agujero negro en rotaci\u00f3n<\/a> no solo absorbe materia y radiaci\u00f3n. Bajo determinadas condiciones, tambi\u00e9n puede transferir parte de la enorme energ\u00eda almacenada en su giro. Durante d\u00e9cadas, esta posibilidad fue solo una predicci\u00f3n te\u00f3rica, pues observar el fen\u00f3meno directamente alrededor de un agujero negro resulta pr\u00e1cticamente imposible.<\/p>\n

\n
\n
\"Concepto<\/picture><\/span><\/div>\n
\n
Los agujeros negros no solo tienen hijos, sino tambi\u00e9n tienen nietos<\/a><\/div>\n

Una nueva campa\u00f1a de observaci\u00f3n de ondas gravitacionales dej\u00f3 161 nuevos eventos de colisiones de objetos compactos y tres hitos astron\u00f3micos.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n

La soluci\u00f3n m\u00e1s evidente parec\u00eda ser construir un objeto que girara de forma similar a un agujero negro y comprobar si las ondas pod\u00edan extraer energ\u00eda de \u00e9l. Sin embargo, la idea chocaba con una limitaci\u00f3n fundamental. El fen\u00f3meno solo aparece cuando el objeto gira<\/a> a velocidades extremas, comparables a las que existen alrededor de un agujero negro. Ning\u00fan dispositivo mec\u00e1nico construido hasta ahora puede acercarse a ese r\u00e9gimen.<\/p>\n

Es aqu\u00ed donde destaca la soluci\u00f3n del equipo del Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica Avanzada de la City University of New York (CUNY). Cambiaron por completo de estrategia. En lugar de intentar hacer girar un objeto real, construyeron un anillo formado por peque\u00f1os circuitos electr\u00f3nicos dise\u00f1ados para responder con gran intensidad a determinadas frecuencias, algo parecido a c\u00f3mo una copa de cristal vibra cuando escucha la nota exacta.<\/p>\n

Aunque ninguno de los componentes resonadores se mueve f\u00edsicamente, las ondas que atraviesan el dispositivo perciben ese patr\u00f3n como si estuvieran interactuando con un objeto que gira a velocidades extremadamente altas. Gracias a esa \u00abrotaci\u00f3n sint\u00e9tica\u00bb, los investigadores lograron reproducir las condiciones que exige la teor\u00eda y observar que las ondas sal\u00edan amplificadas, obteniendo energ\u00eda del propio sistema, tal como se hab\u00eda predicho para los agujeros negros en rotaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n

\n
\"agujero<\/picture><\/span><\/div>\n
<\/p>\n

Representaci\u00f3n art\u00edstica de la superradiancia de Penrose: las ondas electromagn\u00e9ticas con patrones de rotaci\u00f3n espec\u00edficos se amplifican al interactuar con un sistema que parece girar a velocidades superlum\u00ednicas.<\/p>\n

<\/span>Dalila Pasotti y Hadiseh Nasari\/City University of New York.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/figure>\n

Teor\u00eda confirmada<\/h2>\n

Al hacer pasar ondas por el dispositivo, los investigadores observaron exactamente el comportamiento que la teor\u00eda hab\u00eda anticipado durante m\u00e1s de cinco d\u00e9cadas. Las ondas abandonaban el sistema con m\u00e1s energ\u00eda de la que ten\u00edan al entrar. El fen\u00f3meno era una transferencia de energ\u00eda procedente del propio sistema, que imitaba la rotaci\u00f3n de un agujero negro<\/a>.
El resultado constituye una demostraci\u00f3n experimental de la llamada superradiancia rotacional, vinculada a agujeros negros. Aunque el experimento no reproduce la gravedad extrema ni el horizonte de eventos de una estructura gravitacional similar, s\u00ed recrea las mismas condiciones f\u00edsicas responsables de este intercambio de energ\u00eda.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Un equipo de investigadores consigui\u00f3 recrear en...<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":324307,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[46],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-324306","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tecnologia"],"yoast_head":"\nLogran en un laboratorio el efecto que produce un agujero negro al girar - 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