{"id":328023,"date":"2026-07-14T19:27:32","date_gmt":"2026-07-14T19:27:32","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/6a566baa7947e3c14a6a6fb4"},"modified":"2026-07-14T19:27:32","modified_gmt":"2026-07-14T19:27:32","slug":"un-codice-hallado-en-guatemala-revela-por-primera-vez-el-nombre-de-un-astronomo-maya","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sarmiento24h.com\/?p=328023","title":{"rendered":"Un c\u00f3dice hallado en Guatemala revela por primera vez el nombre de un astr\u00f3nomo maya"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Un grupo de investigadores estadounidenses descubri\u00f3 en el sitio arqueol\u00f3gico de Xult\u00fan, en el norte de Guatemala, una f\u00f3rmula astron\u00f3mica \u00fanica que permiti\u00f3 identificar por primera vez el nombre de un antiguo astr\u00f3nomo y matem\u00e1tico maya, conocido como Sak Tahn Waax o \u00abZorro de Pecho Blanco\u00bb. Los cient\u00edficos consideran que este especialista deber\u00eda figurar entre los grandes pensadores de la historia, al nivel de figuras como Arqu\u00edmedes o Claudio Ptolomeo.<\/p>\n<p>El hallazgo forma parte del Proyecto Arqueol\u00f3gico San Bartolo-Xult\u00fan, una iniciativa multiinstitucional dedicada al estudio de dos asentamientos cercanos ubicados en el noreste del <a href=\"https:\/\/es.wired.com\/articulos\/descubren-tres-ciudades-mayas-con-hasta-2800-anos-de-antiguedad\">departamento de Pet\u00e9n<\/a>, cuya ocupaci\u00f3n abarc\u00f3 el auge y la ca\u00edda de los reinos mayas del periodo Cl\u00e1sico (ca. 400 a. C.-900 d. C.).<\/p>\n<p>En Xult\u00fan, los arque\u00f3logos localizaron una c\u00e1mara con paredes decoradas con figuras humanas y textos jerogl\u00edficos, entre ellos una serie de c\u00e1lculos matem\u00e1ticos utilizados por los mayas para establecer la temporalidad de acontecimientos pol\u00edticos, culturales y astron\u00f3micos, como el calendario ritual de 260 d\u00edas, el a\u00f1o solar y los ciclos de Venus y Marte.<\/p>\n<p>Los especialistas plantean que esta c\u00e1mara, descubierta en 2010 y conocida como Estructura 10K-2, probablemente funcion\u00f3 como un espacio dedicado a la ense\u00f1anza de los c\u00e1lculos calend\u00e1ricos y a la elaboraci\u00f3n de c\u00f3dices. En su interior identificaron 52 microtextos \u00abinusuales\u00bb inscritos sobre los muros que, tras ser analizados, revelaron los \u00abborradores\u00bb empleados por los mayas para calcular los ciclos de los cuerpos celestes y otras unidades de tiempo presentes en sus distintos calendarios.<\/p>\n<p>Las inscripciones fueron estudiadas con diversas t\u00e9cnicas. Primero, la superficie de la c\u00e1mara se escane\u00f3 con un sistema convencional de alta resoluci\u00f3n para obtener im\u00e1genes detalladas del recinto. A partir de ese material se elaboraron dibujos a escala utilizando diferentes tipos de iluminaci\u00f3n, los cuales posteriormente fueron refinados con herramientas digitales.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"AssetEmbedWrapper-iJvQnD cOWUYC asset-embed\">\n<div class=\"AssetEmbedAssetContainer-fnduJP iaVSwI asset-embed__asset-container\"><span class=\"SpanWrapper-kFnjvc eKnjjD responsive-asset AssetEmbedResponsiveAsset-gaAbQ hXaxHA asset-embed__responsive-asset\"><picture class=\"ResponsiveImagePicture-jKunQM gjCCFj AssetEmbedResponsiveAsset-gaAbQ hXaxHA asset-embed__responsive-asset responsive-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"astronomo maya nombre Guatemala\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"ResponsiveImageContainer-dkeESL cQPiWi responsive-image__image\" srcset=\"https:\/\/media.es.wired.com\/photos\/6a5673f1e8dacb9d2115db1d\/master\/w_120,c_limit\/astronomo%20maya%20nombre%20Guatemala%201.png 120w, https:\/\/media.es.wired.com\/photos\/6a5673f1e8dacb9d2115db1d\/master\/w_240,c_limit\/astronomo%20maya%20nombre%20Guatemala%201.png 240w, https:\/\/media.es.wired.com\/photos\/6a5673f1e8dacb9d2115db1d\/master\/w_320,c_limit\/astronomo%20maya%20nombre%20Guatemala%201.png 320w, https:\/\/media.es.wired.com\/photos\/6a5673f1e8dacb9d2115db1d\/master\/w_640,c_limit\/astronomo%20maya%20nombre%20Guatemala%201.png 640w, https:\/\/media.es.wired.com\/photos\/6a5673f1e8dacb9d2115db1d\/master\/w_960,c_limit\/astronomo%20maya%20nombre%20Guatemala%201.png 960w, https:\/\/media.es.wired.com\/photos\/6a5673f1e8dacb9d2115db1d\/master\/w_1280,c_limit\/astronomo%20maya%20nombre%20Guatemala%201.png 1280w, https:\/\/media.es.wired.com\/photos\/6a5673f1e8dacb9d2115db1d\/master\/w_1600,c_limit\/astronomo%20maya%20nombre%20Guatemala%201.png 1600w\" sizes=\"100vw\" src=\"https:\/\/media.es.wired.com\/photos\/6a5673f1e8dacb9d2115db1d\/master\/w_1600%2Cc_limit\/astronomo%2520maya%2520nombre%2520Guatemala%25201.png\"><\/picture><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"CaptionWrapper-bpPcvW kzGGxb caption AssetEmbedCaption-eZIMNW gMgneI asset-embed__caption\" data-testid=\"caption-wrapper\" readability=\"7.5\"><span class=\"BaseText-fEwdHD CaptionText-cQpRdU gZqZYz hbiMYj caption__text\" readability=\"30\"><\/p>\n<p>Reconstrucci\u00f3n art\u00edstica de la estructura 10K-2, que muestra figuras pintadas en las paredes norte y este, y la ubicaci\u00f3n de la f\u00f3rmula matem\u00e1tica firmada.<\/p>\n<p><\/span><span class=\"BaseText-fEwdHD CaptionCredit-cUgOGk fSrqtv hRFzlA caption__credit\">Cortes\u00eda Antiquity\/FD Rossi\/H. Hurst<\/span><\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<p>De manera paralela, el equipo obtuvo fotograf\u00edas convencionales e im\u00e1genes captadas con luz infrarroja que, tras ser procesadas por el programa DStretch, permitieron revelar con mayor claridad las figuras y los textos presentes en las inscripciones, as\u00ed como las t\u00e9cnicas empleadas por sus creadores.<\/p>\n<h2>De matem\u00e1ticas avanzadas al primer astr\u00f3nomo maya identificado<\/h2>\n<p>Gracias a este an\u00e1lisis, los investigadores identificaron el denominado Texto 19, un conjunto de 11 jerogl\u00edficos dispuesto en forma de L y de apenas 10 cent\u00edmetros de altura. Los resultados mostraron que los primeros nueve s\u00edmbolos conforman una f\u00f3rmula matem\u00e1tica relacionada con el <a href=\"https:\/\/es.wired.com\/articulos\/como-los-mayas-lograron-predecir-eclipses\">calendario maya y los ciclos astron\u00f3micos.<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Como se explica en el art\u00edculo <a data-offer-url=\"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/antiquity\/article\/identification-and-work-of-an-eighthcentury-maya-mathematician\/FDE9610F9D80ADBC245CAC2B8F204070\" class=\"external-link\" data-event-click=\"{&quot;element&quot;:&quot;ExternalLink&quot;,&quot;outgoingURL&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/antiquity\/article\/identification-and-work-of-an-eighthcentury-maya-mathematician\/FDE9610F9D80ADBC245CAC2B8F204070&quot;}\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/antiquity\/article\/identification-and-work-of-an-eighthcentury-maya-mathematician\/FDE9610F9D80ADBC245CAC2B8F204070\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">publicado<\/a> hoy en la revista <em>Antiquity<\/em>, esta f\u00f3rmula se basa en un ciclo de 2,920 d\u00edas, un periodo excepcional porque coincide tanto con cinco recorridos de Venus por el cielo (de 584 d\u00edas cada uno) como con ocho a\u00f1os solares de 365 d\u00edas. <strong>Lo m\u00e1s notable es que los mayas tambi\u00e9n vincularon ese mismo ciclo con otros sistemas calend\u00e1ricos utilizados en su vida cotidiana y ceremonia<\/strong>l, como el <em>Uinal<\/em>, compuesto por meses de 20 d\u00edas; el <em>Tzolkin<\/em>, de 260 d\u00edas; el <em>Tun<\/em>, de 360 d\u00edas, e incluso un ciclo de 780 d\u00edas asociado con Marte. De acuerdo con los autores, esta relaci\u00f3n demuestra que hab\u00edan desarrollado un sistema extremadamente preciso para conectar los movimientos de distintos cuerpos celestes con sus calendarios.<\/p>\n<p>\u00abSon matem\u00e1ticas muy complejas. Utilizan una notaci\u00f3n abreviada, por lo que te dan la primera mitad de la notaci\u00f3n y la segunda se deduce\u00bb, explic\u00f3 Heather Hurst, directora del Proyecto Regional Arqueol\u00f3gico San Bartolo-Xult\u00fan y coautora del estudio, en una <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-026-02170-8\">declaraci\u00f3n<\/a> retomada por <em>Nature<\/em>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Un grupo de investigadores estadounidenses descubri\u00f3 en&#46;&#46;&#46;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":328024,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[46],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-328023","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tecnologia"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.9 - 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