{"id":341497,"date":"2026-07-22T18:17:40","date_gmt":"2026-07-22T18:17:40","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/e0ed9d26-85f4-11f1-849c-c9f2867451d5"},"modified":"2026-07-22T18:17:40","modified_gmt":"2026-07-22T18:17:40","slug":"por-que-asia-sufre-lluvias-tan-extremas-este-ano","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sarmiento24h.com\/?p=341497","title":{"rendered":"\u00bfPor qu\u00e9 Asia sufre lluvias tan extremas este a\u00f1o?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Bangladesh y otros pa\u00edses asi\u00e1ticos afrontan una temporada de lluvias especialmente intensa. Al tradicional monz\u00f3n de verano se suman este a\u00f1o la influencia del fen\u00f3meno de El Ni\u00f1o y las variaciones del Dipolo del Oc\u00e9ano \u00cdndico, una combinaci\u00f3n que altera los patrones de precipitaci\u00f3n y eleva el riesgo de inundaciones y otros eventos extremos. \u00bfC\u00f3mo interact\u00faan estos fen\u00f3menos y por qu\u00e9 sus efectos son diferentes seg\u00fan la regi\u00f3n? En esta emisi\u00f3n de Medio Ambiente analizamos las claves de esta compleja temporada clim\u00e1tica. <\/p>\n

\n

En esta temporada del a\u00f1o, varios pa\u00edses asi\u00e1ticos sufren las consecuencias del monz\u00f3n de verano. As\u00ed se denomina a los vientos estacionales que cambian de direcci\u00f3n entre esta \u00e9poca y el invierno. Durante el monz\u00f3n de verano, la masa continental se calienta mucho m\u00e1s r\u00e1pido que el oc\u00e9ano, lo que genera una baja presi\u00f3n que atrae los vientos h\u00famedos desde el \u00cdndico y el Pac\u00edfico<\/a> hacia el continente. Esto desencadena lluvias masivas. <\/p>\n

El fen\u00f3meno se repite a\u00f1o tras a\u00f1o y, en lo que va de 2026, Bangladesh<\/a> ha sido golpeado con fuerza. Las fuertes lluvias e inundaciones<\/a> repentinas dejan ya m\u00e1s de 50 muertos y superan el mill\u00f3n de personas afectadas, seg\u00fan los datos de la Media Luna Roja de Bangladesh<\/u><\/a> al 20 de julio.<\/p>\n

Como es habitual cada a\u00f1o, las precipitaciones han sido intensas en la franja costera del Golfo de Bengala donde est\u00e1 Cox\u2019s Bazar, epicentro del campo de refugiados m\u00e1s grande del mundo. De hecho, de los fallecido al menos 15 son rohingya, quienes hacen parte del mill\u00f3n de personas que han huido de la persecuci\u00f3n y la violencia<\/a> en Myanmar<\/a>. <\/p>\n

Sobre el Golfo de Bengala tambi\u00e9n se encuentra Chattogram, la segunda ciudad m\u00e1s grande del pa\u00eds. All\u00ed, solo el 9 de julio, cayeron cerca de 300 mil\u00edmetros de lluvia en un solo d\u00eda, seg\u00fan las cifras del Departamento Meteorol\u00f3gico de Bangladesh<\/a> recopiladas por la Media Luna Roja. Esa cantidad es equivalente a lo que suele registrarse en casi dos meses de invierno en las regiones m\u00e1s h\u00famedas del norte de Espa\u00f1a<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Por su parte, el Centro de Predicci\u00f3n de Inundaciones de Bangladesh<\/u><\/a> mantiene alertas en el norte y noroeste del pa\u00eds. Hasta ahora, el monz\u00f3n de este a\u00f1o ha sumergido m\u00e1s de 54.000 hect\u00e1reas agr\u00edcolas y dejado a 268.000 hogares anegados o aislados.<\/p>\n

Dipolo del Oc\u00e9ano \u00cdndico y Fen\u00f3meno de El Ni\u00f1o<\/a>: dos eventos clim\u00e1ticos similares, pero de distintos oc\u00e9anos<\/a><\/strong><\/h2>\n

A\u00fan as\u00ed, este no es el monz\u00f3n m\u00e1s devastador. Seg\u00fan la Federaci\u00f3n Internacional de Sociedades de la Cruz Roja y de la Media Luna Roja<\/u><\/a>, los torrenciales de 2024<\/a> afectaron a seis millones de personas en Bangladesh<\/a>; seis veces m\u00e1s que ahora. <\/p>\n

Y eso que el monz\u00f3n no act\u00faa solo. Otro fen\u00f3meno clave es el Dipolo del Oc\u00e9ano \u00cdndico. En su fase positiva se intensifican las lluvias en Asia<\/a> meridional porque las aguas del oeste del Oc\u00e9ano \u00cdndico se calientan m\u00e1s de lo habitual, inyectando una masa constante de humedad hacia el continente; mientras que en el sector oriental, cerca de Australia<\/a> e Indonesia<\/a>, el agua se enfr\u00eda.<\/p>\n

\n
\"Esta\n<\/picture>
Esta es la explicaci\u00f3n de c\u00f3mo es un Dipolo del Oc\u00e9ano \u00cdndico en su fase positiva. \u00a9 France 24 <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p><\/div>\n

Su fase negativa funciona a la inversa: el agua es m\u00e1s c\u00e1lida en el este y m\u00e1s fr\u00eda en el oeste, inhibiendo las precipitaciones.<\/p>\n

Actualmente, el Dipolo del Oc\u00e9ano \u00cdndico est\u00e1 en fase neutra lo que significa que ni aporta ni resta humedad. Sin embargo, los modelos prev\u00e9n una transici\u00f3n hacia la fase positiva durante la segunda mitad del a\u00f1o. Si esto ocurre, coincidir\u00e1 con un evento oce\u00e1nico en el Pac\u00edfico<\/a>: el fen\u00f3meno de El Ni\u00f1o. <\/p>\n

Cuando ambos ocurren en paralelo, interact\u00faan de forma compleja: mientras El Ni\u00f1o tiende a reducir las lluvias y aumentar las temperaturas en la regi\u00f3n, un dipolo positivo act\u00faa como contrapeso aportando humedad extra. Al menos para Bangladesh<\/a>, ya que cada uno de los eventos clim\u00e1ticos trae diferentes consecuencias dependiendo de en qu\u00e9 regi\u00f3n de Asia est\u00e9n ubicados los pa\u00edses, como lo explica este reporte<\/u><\/a> de diferentes agencias de Naciones Unidas. <\/p>\n

A\u00fan as\u00ed, en pa\u00edses del sudeste asi\u00e1tico como Malasia<\/a> se preparan para que las olas de calor alcancen niveles r\u00e9cord entre marzo y mayo de 2027, como lo se\u00f1al\u00f3 el Departamento Meteorol\u00f3gico de Malasia<\/a>. Para romper la temperatura hist\u00f3rica debe superar los 40,1\u00baC, que son hasta ahora los grados m\u00e1s altos registrados y que datan de 1997 y 1998. <\/p>\n

Pero, en Asia<\/a>, los term\u00f3metros no suben dependiendo de un \u00fanico evento clim\u00e1tico. Sino que las lluvias o las sequ\u00edas responden a un puzzle de distintos fen\u00f3menos y de c\u00f3mo se comporten las temperaturas de los oc\u00e9anos \u00cdndico y Pac\u00edfico<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bangladesh y otros pa\u00edses asi\u00e1ticos afrontan una...<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":341498,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[43],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-341497","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-internacionales"],"yoast_head":"\n\u00bfPor qu\u00e9 Asia sufre lluvias tan extremas este a\u00f1o? 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