{"id":349310,"date":"2026-07-27T15:07:45","date_gmt":"2026-07-27T15:07:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/6a62c42ae9abc684a3082c59"},"modified":"2026-07-27T15:07:45","modified_gmt":"2026-07-27T15:07:45","slug":"mas-alla-de-las-cicatrices-la-reconstruccion-emocional-de-mujeres-sobrevivientes-de-violencia-quimica-en-mexico","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sarmiento24h.com\/?p=349310","title":{"rendered":"M\u00e1s all\u00e1 de las cicatrices: la reconstrucci\u00f3n emocional de mujeres sobrevivientes de violencia qu\u00edmica en M\u00e9xico"},"content":{"rendered":"

Mar\u00eda Alejandra L\u00f3pez Tovar pas\u00f3 ocho a\u00f1os mirando el mundo desde una ventana. Ten\u00eda cortinas semitransparentes que le permit\u00edan ver hacia la calle, pero desde afuera nadie pod\u00eda verla. Mary, como le dicen ahora, observaba desde lejos una normalidad de la que se sent\u00eda ajena. \u201cYo ve\u00eda pasar un mundo que no era mi mundo, y que yo deseaba estar dentro de esa dimensi\u00f3n\u201d, recuerda.<\/p>\n

Fue atacada con \u00e1cido en noviembre de 1988, cuando ten\u00eda 20 a\u00f1os. Su caso es conocido como el primer ataque con \u00e1cido documentado en Am\u00e9rica Latina. Despu\u00e9s de la agresi\u00f3n, su vida se movi\u00f3 entre el hospital, las cirug\u00edas reconstructivas, la recuperaci\u00f3n en casa y la espera de m\u00e1s intervenciones quir\u00fargicas.<\/p>\n

Hoy, a sus 57 a\u00f1os, cuando habla de s\u00ed misma, distingue entre sus dos nombres. Alejandra era la joven que antes del ataque se sent\u00eda alegre, bonita, capaz de hacer cualquier cosa; Mary es la mujer que tuvo que aprender a vivir despu\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

\u201cEsa mujer que existi\u00f3 antes del ataque, como que en su personalidad se desdobl\u00f3. Yo me visualizo de una manera antes y me visualizo de otra manera despu\u00e9s\u201d, dice en entrevista con WIRED en Espa\u00f1ol, con la serenidad de quien ha pasado m\u00e1s de tres d\u00e9cadas intentando nombrar y entender lo que vivi\u00f3.<\/p>\n

El Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS) se hizo cargo de sus cirug\u00edas reconstructivas, pero no de todos los tratamientos e insumos que necesitaba, como las mallas de compresi\u00f3n que se utilizan para prevenir la formaci\u00f3n de cicatrices queloides. Su familia tuvo que asumir los gastos. Durante a\u00f1os Mary tambi\u00e9n encontr\u00f3 formas de generar ingresos desde su casa: hac\u00eda paletas, cos\u00eda ropa y vend\u00eda vestidos pero, para ella, parec\u00eda que la vida se hab\u00eda detenido.<\/p>\n

\n
\"Carmen<\/picture><\/span><\/div>\n
<\/p>\n

Carmen S\u00e1nchez, Mar\u00eda L\u00f3pez y Arely Escobar, sobrevivientes de violencia qu\u00edmica, marchan el 8 de marzo en la Ciudad de M\u00e9xico para exigir justicia y visibilizar la violencia \u00e1cida en M\u00e9xico.<\/p>\n

<\/span>Aranza Bustamante<\/span><\/div>\n<\/figure>\n

Lo que no recibi\u00f3 fue atenci\u00f3n psicol\u00f3gica. Empez\u00f3 a ir a terapia hasta 2023, 35 a\u00f1os despu\u00e9s del ataque, cuando conoci\u00f3 a la Fundaci\u00f3n Carmen S\u00e1nchez, organizaci\u00f3n pionera en M\u00e9xico que acompa\u00f1a a mujeres sobrevivientes de violencia qu\u00edmica, y supo que no era la \u00fanica que hab\u00eda pasado por algo as\u00ed.<\/p>\n

En M\u00e9xico no existe un registro oficial unificado sobre violencia qu\u00edmica. La Fundaci\u00f3n Carmen S\u00e1nchez ha documentado m\u00e1s de 50 ataques con \u00e1cido en las \u00faltimas tres d\u00e9cadas y estima cerca de 100 agresiones al a\u00f1o con sustancias corrosivas desde 2022. Esa falta de datos tambi\u00e9n deja en segundo plano una parte menos visible del da\u00f1o: la salud mental<\/a>.<\/p>\n

El rostro, el espejo y la identidad<\/h2>\n

El impacto de la violencia qu\u00edmica no termina en las lesiones f\u00edsicas. Aunque en los \u00faltimos a\u00f1os se ha registrado un aumento de casos en pa\u00edses como Colombia, M\u00e9xico, Per\u00fa, Argentina, Brasil y Rep\u00fablica Dominicana, Am\u00e9rica Latina todav\u00eda tiene poca investigaci\u00f3n sobre sus efectos. En M\u00e9xico, uno de los estudios que ha intentado llenar ese vac\u00edo es Afectaciones psicosociales en mujeres mexicanas sobrevivientes de ataques con \u00e1cido<\/em><\/a>, publicado en 2023.<\/p>\n

La investigaci\u00f3n mostr\u00f3 que, en el 90% de los casos analizados, las lesiones se dirigieron al rostro. No es un dato menor, ya que este forma parte de la identidad. Cuando la agresi\u00f3n se concentra ah\u00ed, el da\u00f1o altera la forma en que una mujer se mira, se reconoce y se presenta ante otras personas.<\/p>\n

\u201cEllas al mirarse al espejo no van a encontrarse. \u00bfQui\u00e9n soy yo ahora? \u00bfSoy la misma, no soy la misma? Si lo que me da identidad es un nombre y una cara, un rostro que adem\u00e1s est\u00e1 siendo evaluado en el mercado a partir de su juventud y su belleza […]. Ahora imaginemos por un momento que ese rostro que nos da identidad deja de existir, entonces, mi pertenencia, mi lugar, mi presente est\u00e1 fragmentado\u201d, dice Yazm\u00edn Ram\u00edrez, psicoterapeuta feminista que atiende de manera solidaria y gratuita a las sobrevivientes de la Fundaci\u00f3n Carmen S\u00e1nchez.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mar\u00eda Alejandra L\u00f3pez Tovar pas\u00f3 ocho a\u00f1os...<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":349311,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[46],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-349310","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tecnologia"],"yoast_head":"\nM\u00e1s all\u00e1 de las cicatrices: la reconstrucci\u00f3n emocional de mujeres sobrevivientes de violencia qu\u00edmica en M\u00e9xico - 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