{"id":386632,"date":"2026-08-19T17:38:09","date_gmt":"2026-08-19T17:38:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/6a85cee8b655845bcf0fa8db"},"modified":"2026-08-19T17:38:09","modified_gmt":"2026-08-19T17:38:09","slug":"sacale-mas-provecho-a-tus-baterias-gastadas-con-este-truco-de-fisica","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sarmiento24h.com\/?p=386632","title":{"rendered":"S\u00e1cale m\u00e1s provecho a tus bater\u00edas gastadas con este truco de f\u00edsica"},"content":{"rendered":"

Est\u00e1s paseando a tu perro por la noche y tu linterna, cuya luz cada vez es m\u00e1s d\u00e9bil, se apaga. En lugar de volver a casa a tientas en la oscuridad, \u00bfno ser\u00eda \u00fatil sacar un poco m\u00e1s de energ\u00eda de las pilas que lleva dentro?<\/p>\n

No es tan descabellado como parece. Cuando un dispositivo deja de funcionar porque la pila ya no tiene suficiente energ\u00eda, solemos decir que est\u00e1 \u00abagotada\u00bb. En realidad, el voltaje no es cero; solo no es lo suficientemente alto como para hacer pasar corriente por la bombilla o el LED, o cualquier otra carga que tengas.<\/p>\n

Pero con un peque\u00f1o truco de f\u00edsica, puedes conseguir que esa luz dure m\u00e1s. Te voy a ense\u00f1ar a construir un circuito el\u00e9ctrico sencillo, combinando un transformador y un transistor, para aprovechar esa energ\u00eda residual. En tono de broma, lo llamamos circuito ‘joule thief’<\/em>, o \u00abladr\u00f3n de julios\u00bb.<\/p>\n

No solo es divertido de construir, sino que tambi\u00e9n es un magn\u00edfico ejemplo de la ley de inducci\u00f3n de Faraday, el mismo principio que se utiliza en los generadores el\u00e9ctricos y en las placas de inducci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n

Una pila b\u00e1sica y una bombilla<\/h2>\n

Empezar\u00e9 con un circuito muy sencillo. Se trata de una pila AA de 1.5 voltios conectada a una peque\u00f1a bombilla incandescente mediante un \u00fanico cable de cobre.<\/p>\n

Es un circuito cerrado. La corriente el\u00e9ctrica sale por un extremo de la pila, atraviesa una bombilla que contiene un filamento de tungsteno en su interior y, a continuaci\u00f3n, regresa al otro extremo de la pila. Como ese filamento es muy fino, la corriente lo calienta, hasta unos 2,482\u00b0C. de modo que brilla al rojo vivo.<\/p>\n

Por suerte, el tungsteno tiene el punto de fusi\u00f3n m\u00e1s alto de todos los metales puros.<\/p>\n

\n
\"Pila\"<\/picture><\/span><\/div>\n
<\/p>\n

Pila<\/p>\n

<\/span>Fotograf\u00eda: Rhett Allain<\/span><\/div>\n<\/figure>\n

Mientras el circuito est\u00e9 cerrado, la corriente seguir\u00e1 fluyendo, consumiendo gradualmente la energ\u00eda potencial qu\u00edmica de la pila. Esto es lo equivalente a que el interruptor est\u00e9 en posici\u00f3n de encendido en una linterna.<\/p>\n

A medida que baja el voltaje, se produce menos corriente. Llegar\u00e1 un momento en que no habr\u00e1 suficiente para producir luz alguna. En cierto modo, este circuito tambi\u00e9n es un ladr\u00f3n de julios. Si dejas el interruptor encendido, la corriente seguir\u00e1 fluyendo incluso despu\u00e9s de que la luz se apague, y consumir\u00e1 la energ\u00eda restante de la pila.<\/p>\n

\n
\"El<\/picture><\/span><\/div>\n
\n
As\u00ed son las \u00abtrampas\u00bb experimentales para cazar a los fantasmag\u00f3ricos neutrinos<\/a><\/div>\n

La b\u00fasqueda de estas part\u00edculas fantasmales ha requerido algunos de los montajes experimentales m\u00e1s audaces jam\u00e1s construidos.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

LED frente a bombillas incandescentes<\/h2>\n

Hoy en d\u00eda, la mayor\u00eda de los dispositivos utilizan LED en lugar de bombillas incandescentes. Un LED no produce luz calentando objetos; en cambio, es un dispositivo de estado s\u00f3lido con una banda prohibida. Cuando los electrones de la corriente caen a un nivel de energ\u00eda inferior, liberan la energ\u00eda sobrante en forma de luz.<\/p>\n

Es mucho m\u00e1s eficiente, porque no se desperdicia toda esa energ\u00eda t\u00e9rmica. El \u00fanico inconveniente es que un LED blanco requiere 3 voltios, as\u00ed que ahora necesitamos dos de esas pilas AA:<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Est\u00e1s paseando a tu perro por la...<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":386633,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[46],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-386632","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tecnologia"],"yoast_head":"\nS\u00e1cale m\u00e1s provecho a tus bater\u00edas gastadas con este truco de f\u00edsica - 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