{"id":395177,"date":"2026-08-24T16:38:51","date_gmt":"2026-08-24T16:38:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/6a8c52f7ad4e81a8beea989c"},"modified":"2026-08-24T16:38:51","modified_gmt":"2026-08-24T16:38:51","slug":"que-es-un-transistor-como-funciona-y-para-que-sirve","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sarmiento24h.com\/?p=395177","title":{"rendered":"Qu\u00e9 es un transistor, c\u00f3mo funciona y para qu\u00e9 sirve"},"content":{"rendered":"<div><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media.es.wired.com\/photos\/6a8c52f6e3b08e91b38cc9fd\/16:9\/w_1280,c_limit\/Science_Transistors%20Changed%20Everything.%20Here%E2%80%99s%20How%20They%20Work_v1.jpg\" class=\"ff-og-image-inserted\"><\/div>\n<p>Los electrones viajan a trav\u00e9s de la bombilla hasta una placa colectora, lo que genera la corriente de salida. Puede parecer una forma extra\u00f1a de hacerlo, pero si a\u00f1adimos otro cable (una rejilla) entre el filamento y el colector, podemos controlar esta corriente. Un voltaje negativo en el control empujar\u00e1 los electrones lejos del colector para reducir la corriente de salida. Aplicar un voltaje positivo a la rejilla aumentar\u00e1 el flujo de corriente de salida.<\/p>\n<p>Se trata, de nuevo, de un interruptor de corriente, y al igual que el rel\u00e9, se controla mediante un cable diferente. Sin embargo, existen dos grandes diferencias: primero, no hay contacto mec\u00e1nico, lo que significa que la corriente de salida puede variar mucho m\u00e1s r\u00e1pido. Segundo, la corriente de salida no es simplemente de encendido o apagado; puede variar seg\u00fan la intensidad de la tensi\u00f3n de control.<\/p>\n<p>Esto fue lo que hizo posible los primeros amplificadores de audio. Si se recib\u00eda una se\u00f1al d\u00e9bil de una emisora \u200b\u200bde radio lejana, no producir\u00eda suficiente corriente para alimentar un altavoz y permitir escuchar algo. Pero si se aplicaba esa se\u00f1al al voltaje de control de un tubo de vac\u00edo, se pod\u00eda obtener una salida mucho m\u00e1s potente que, a la vez, manten\u00eda el mismo patr\u00f3n (como la m\u00fasica) que la se\u00f1al original.<\/p>\n<p>Pero, espera. Hay algo m\u00e1s que podr\u00edas hacer con tubos de vac\u00edo: construir una computadora. S\u00ed, las primeras computadoras eran simplemente un conjunto de tubos de vac\u00edo controlados por otros tubos de vac\u00edo, creando puertas l\u00f3gicas. Usabas una se\u00f1al de entrada de 1 voltio o 0 voltios. Una puerta AND ten\u00eda dos entradas y una salida. Si ambas entradas eran de 1 voltio, la salida era de 1 voltio. De lo contrario, daba 0 voltios. Una puerta OR dar\u00eda como salida 1 voltio si alguna de las entradas era de 1 voltio.<\/p>\n<p>En realidad, se podr\u00eda haber construido una computadora con rel\u00e9s el\u00e9ctricos. Pero los rel\u00e9s son mucho m\u00e1s lentos que las v\u00e1lvulas de vac\u00edo, y todo ese ruido habr\u00eda sido exasperante. Las v\u00e1lvulas de vac\u00edo eran silenciosas, componentes puramente electr\u00f3nicos, sin partes m\u00f3viles, y eso supuso un cambio radical.<\/p>\n<h2>El transistor<\/h2>\n<p>Sin embargo, las v\u00e1lvulas de vac\u00edo presentaban tres problemas. Consum\u00edan mucha energ\u00eda, por lo que las primeras computadoras se calentaban mucho, requer\u00edan sistemas de refrigeraci\u00f3n enormes y su funcionamiento era extremadamente costoso. En segundo lugar, las v\u00e1lvulas eran fr\u00e1giles y se quemaban con facilidad, por lo que las computadoras requer\u00edan un mantenimiento constante (literalmente, equipos de trabajo dedicados a localizar y reemplazar las v\u00e1lvulas averiadas). Finalmente, las v\u00e1lvulas eran enormes. Esas primeras computadoras, como la ENIAC de 1945, ocupaban habitaciones enteras.<\/p>\n<p>El transistor, inventado en los Laboratorios Bell en 1947, solucion\u00f3 todo eso mediante el uso de semiconductores. Es una palabra que se escucha a menudo, pero \u00bfqu\u00e9 es un semiconductor? Bueno, \u00bfsabes que algunos materiales (como el cobre) conducen la electricidad, mientras que otros (como el caucho) son aislantes? Pues bien, un semiconductor (como el silicio) puede alternar entre ser uno u otro.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Los electrones viajan a trav\u00e9s de la&#46;&#46;&#46;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":395178,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[46],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-395177","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tecnologia"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.1 - 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