{"id":401789,"date":"2026-08-28T18:38:03","date_gmt":"2026-08-28T18:38:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/6a8854ba8a43fbbf6bf62543"},"modified":"2026-08-28T18:38:03","modified_gmt":"2026-08-28T18:38:03","slug":"los-antepasados-de-los-pulpos-eran-criaturas-gigantes-que-dominaban-los-mares","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sarmiento24h.com\/?p=401789","title":{"rendered":"Los antepasados de los pulpos eran criaturas gigantes que dominaban los mares"},"content":{"rendered":"

Similares al legendario Kraken (y quiz\u00e1 tan inquietantes), los primeros antepasados de los pulpos eran criaturas enormes, capaces de alcanzar longitudes escalofriantes de alrededor de 20 metros<\/strong>. M\u00e1s all\u00e1 de eso, y a diferencia de c\u00f3mo los conocemos hoy, estos pulpos gigantes eran todo menos t\u00edmidos, mostrando comportamientos violentos dignos de un depredador voraz.<\/p>\n

Los hallazgos fueron revelados por un equipo de investigadores de la Universidad de Hokkaido en Jap\u00f3n, quienes analizaron restos f\u00f3siles de entre 100 y 72 millones de a\u00f1os de antig\u00fcedad. Descubrieron que los primeros pulpos eran depredadores gigantes<\/a> que cazaban en la cima de la cadena alimentaria. De hecho, se encontraban a la par de los grandes vertebrados marinos, dominando as\u00ed los mares del Cret\u00e1cico Superior. Los detalles del estudio fueron publicados en la revista Science<\/em><\/a>.<\/p>\n

\n
\"un<\/picture><\/span><\/div>\n

Yohei Utsuki; Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra y Planetarias de la Universidad de Hokkaido<\/span><\/p>\n<\/figure>\n

Un animal dif\u00edcil de estudiar<\/h2>\n

Los pulpos son animales de cuerpo blando que se descomponen demasiado r\u00e1pido como para fosilizarse, lo que dificulta la reconstrucci\u00f3n de su historia evolutiva<\/strong>. Para estudiarlos, los investigadores se centraron en restos f\u00f3siles descubiertos en Jap\u00f3n y en la isla de Vancouver, apoy\u00e1ndose en tomograf\u00edas de alta resoluci\u00f3n y en la inteligencia artificial. Las mand\u00edbulas analizadas, un \u00f3rgano de funci\u00f3n alimentaria con un mayor potencial de fosilizaci\u00f3n, pertenecen a un grupo extinto de pulpos con aletas conocidos como \u2018cirrinos\u2019; espec\u00edficamente a las especies Nanaimoteuthis jeletzkyi<\/em> y Nanaimoteuthis haggarti<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Una mand\u00edbula poderosa<\/h2>\n

Al analizar el tama\u00f1o, la forma y los patrones de desgaste de las mand\u00edbulas f\u00f3siles, el equipo pudo demostrar que estos pulpos gigantes eran depredadores activos que probablemente aplastaban los esqueletos de sus presas con poderosas mordidas<\/strong>. \u00abNuestros hallazgos sugieren que los primeros pulpos eran depredadores gigantes que ocupaban el tope de la cadena alimentaria marina en el Cret\u00e1cico\u00bb, comenta el coautor Yasuhiro Iba. \u00abBas\u00e1ndonos en mand\u00edbulas f\u00f3siles excepcionalmente bien conservadas, mostramos que estos animales alcanzaron longitudes de hasta casi 20 metros, superando quiz\u00e1s el tama\u00f1o de los grandes reptiles marinos de la \u00e9poca\u00bb.<\/p>\n

Seg\u00fan los investigadores, el descubrimiento m\u00e1s sorprendente fue el grado de desgaste de las mand\u00edbulas<\/strong>, que presentaban astillas, ara\u00f1azos y grietas; todos signos de una gran fuerza de mordida. \u201cEsto indica interacciones repetidas y vigorosas con sus presas, revelando una estrategia de alimentaci\u00f3n inesperadamente agresiva\u201d, a\u00f1ade Iba.<\/p>\n

Mordida asim\u00e9trica<\/h2>\n

Otro hallazgo particularmente interesante se refiere al desgaste desigual de las mand\u00edbulas. En las dos especies examinadas, un lado estaba m\u00e1s desgastado que el otro, lo que sugiere que estos animales podr\u00edan haber preferido usar un lado con mayor intensidad. Este tipo de asimetr\u00eda conductual, conocida como lateralizaci\u00f3n, se asocia t\u00edpicamente con capacidades cognitivas avanzadas en los animales modernos<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Los autores del nuevo estudio plantean la hip\u00f3tesis de que incluso estos primeros pulpos gigantes podr\u00edan haber tenido comportamientos complejos<\/strong> que les permitieron establecerse en lo alto de la cadena alimentaria y competir con grandes vertebrados. \u00abNuestros resultados demuestran que las mand\u00edbulas poderosas y la p\u00e9rdida del esqueleto superficial, caracter\u00edsticas comunes a los pulpos y vertebrados marinos, fueron esenciales para que se convirtieran en enormes e inteligentes depredadores\u00bb, concluye Iba.<\/p>\n

Art\u00edculo originalmente publicado en<\/em> WIRED Italia<\/a>. Adaptado por Andrea Baranenko.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Similares al legendario Kraken (y quiz\u00e1 tan...<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":401790,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[46],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-401789","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tecnologia"],"yoast_head":"\nLos antepasados de los pulpos eran criaturas gigantes que dominaban los mares - 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