{"id":479620,"date":"2026-10-11T22:56:58","date_gmt":"2026-10-11T22:56:58","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/almomento.net\/?p=1157278"},"modified":"2026-10-11T22:56:58","modified_gmt":"2026-10-11T22:56:58","slug":"el-comercio-exterior-de-rd-2002-2025-opinion","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sarmiento24h.com\/?p=479620","title":{"rendered":"El comercio exterior de RD 2002-2025 (OPINION)"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"gs-tts-pro gs-tts-theme-light\" data-gs-tts-player readability=\"7\">\n<p> <strong>Escuchar art\u00edculo<\/strong> <br \/><button type=\"button\" class=\"gs-tts-btn gs-tts-start\" data-gs-tts-start>Reproducir<\/button> <button type=\"button\" class=\"gs-tts-btn gs-tts-pause\" data-gs-tts-pause>Pausar<\/button> <button type=\"button\" class=\"gs-tts-btn gs-tts-stop\" data-gs-tts-stop>Detener<\/button> <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Los datos sobre comercio que reporta el ITC Trade Map&nbsp;permiten extraer conclusiones importantes sobre lo ocurrido entre 2002 y 2025.<\/p>\n<p>Primeramente, est\u00e1 la participaci\u00f3n de Estados Unidos en el comercio con Rep\u00fablica Dominicana. Su peso en las exportaciones se redujo en 32.7 puntos porcentuales&nbsp;en el periodo, de 86.2%&nbsp;en 2002 a 53.5%&nbsp;en 2025. En las importaciones, la reducci\u00f3n fue mucho menor: de 47.6%&nbsp;a 40.1%. Esta evoluci\u00f3n puede describirse como una diversificaci\u00f3n relativa, pero no como una superaci\u00f3n de la dependencia.<\/p>\n<p>Estados Unidos sigue concentrando m\u00e1s de la mitad de las exportaciones y es, adem\u00e1s, la principal fuente de turismo, remesas e inversi\u00f3n. Entonces, cualquier cambio en su pol\u00edtica comercial, migratoria o de seguridad econ\u00f3mica tiene efectos inmediatos sobre Rep\u00fablica Dominicana.<\/p>\n<p>En cuanto al DR-CAFTA, vigente desde 2007, si bien asegur\u00f3 acceso preferencial y reglas estables, su desempe\u00f1o exportador debe evaluarse con cuidado. Entre 2007 y 2012 las ventas a Estados Unidos disminuyeron. A partir de 2013, el comercio se expandi\u00f3 gracias a la recuperaci\u00f3n y diversificaci\u00f3n de las zonas francas, no por un efecto autom\u00e1tico del tratado. Pero, entre 2007 y 2025, el crecimiento de las exportaciones dominicanas a Estados Unidos apenas creci\u00f3 a una tasa anual compuesta de 2.2%, lo que pone de manifiesto un pobre aprovechamiento del tratado.<\/p>\n<p>En segundo lugar, Hait\u00ed pas\u00f3 de comprar US$208 millones&nbsp;en 2002 a US$1,203 millones&nbsp;en 2025. A lo largo del per\u00edodo absorbi\u00f3, en promedio, m\u00e1s del 10%&nbsp;de las exportaciones dominicanas y durante gran parte del tiempo se consolid\u00f3 como segundo destino. La balanza bilateral fue ampliamente favorable para Rep\u00fablica Dominicana: en 2025 el super\u00e1vit se aproxim\u00f3 a US$1,200 millones.<\/p>\n<p>El dato demuestra el potencial de una estrategia exportadora basada en proximidad, conocimiento del mercado, rapidez log\u00edstica y productos adaptados a la demanda regional.<\/p>\n<p>Los dem\u00e1s mercados del Caribe y Centroam\u00e9rica crecieron, pero su aporte porcentual en conjunto no se acerca al de Hait\u00ed. Por tanto, existe espacio para una pol\u00edtica regional m\u00e1s sistem\u00e1tica, especialmente para alimentos procesados, materiales farmac\u00e9uticos, manufacturas ligeras y servicios.<\/p>\n<p><b>China<\/b><\/p>\n<div><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1157279 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/almomento.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/com-300x199.png\" alt width=\"384\" height=\"255\" srcset=\"https:\/\/almomento.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/com-300x199.png 300w, https:\/\/almomento.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/com-143x95.png 143w, https:\/\/almomento.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/com-377x250.png 377w, https:\/\/almomento.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/com.png 679w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 384px) 100vw, 384px\"><\/div>\n<p>En tercer lugar, las importaciones procedentes de China pasaron de US$274 millones&nbsp;en 2002 a US$5,988 millones&nbsp;en 2025, una expansi\u00f3n de casi veintid\u00f3s veces. Su participaci\u00f3n en las importaciones aument\u00f3 de 2.8%&nbsp;a 18.5%. Pero, las exportaciones dominicanas a China pasaron de US$6 millones&nbsp;a US$310 millones&nbsp;y continuaron siendo peque\u00f1as en relaci\u00f3n con el tama\u00f1o del mercado chino.<\/p>\n<p>Esta asimetr\u00eda se explica por la competitividad de las manufacturas chinas, la demanda dominicana de bienes de consumo, maquinaria, equipos, insumos y tecnolog\u00eda, y la limitada oferta exportable nacional.<\/p>\n<p>En cuarto lugar, el Acuerdo con la Uni\u00f3n Europea, el EPA, entr\u00f3 en vigencia en 2009 y otorg\u00f3 condiciones preferenciales para ingresar a uno de los mercados de mayor poder adquisitivo del mundo. Si bien las exportaciones dominicanas hacia la Uni\u00f3n Europea crecieron &nbsp;a una tasa anual compuesta de 6.7%&nbsp;entre 2009 y 2025, ese avance result\u00f3 muy inferior al de las importaciones, que crecieron 8.2%, sin producir un cambio sustancial en el peso relativo del mercado europeo dentro de las exportaciones nacionales. Resulta llamativo que en 2025 las exportaciones dominicanas a Hait\u00ed superaron a las que tuvieron como destino los 27 pa\u00edses de la Uni\u00f3n Europea.<\/p>\n<p>En quinto lugar, la India era un receptor marginal de exportaciones dominicanas en 2002; empero, se convirtio en el segundo receptor en 2025, representando el 11% de las exportaciones dominicanas. Las importaciones dominicanas procedentes de la India que en 2002 representaron 0.16% &nbsp;pasaron a representar el 1.72% en 2025.<\/p>\n<p>En sexto lugar, el d\u00e9ficit comercial estuvo presente en todos los a\u00f1os analizados. Pas\u00f3 de US$4.27 mil millones&nbsp;en 2002 a US$17.71 mil millones&nbsp;en 2025 y alcanz\u00f3 US$19.78 mil millones&nbsp;en 2024. La cobertura de las importaciones mediante exportaciones fue de 55.8%&nbsp;en 2002, cay\u00f3 a 41.1%&nbsp;en 2012 y se situ\u00f3 en 45.3%&nbsp;en 2025. La persistencia y ampliaci\u00f3n del desequilibrio muestran que el crecimiento de la demanda interna depende de una capacidad importadora muy superior a la capacidad exportadora.<\/p>\n<p><b>Un resumen apretado:<\/b> primero, el aprovechamiento dominicano de los acuerdos de libre comercio ha estado condicionado, sobre todo, por una oferta exportable insuficiente, poco diversificada y poco competitiva; y, segundo, los cambios que se produjeron durante el per\u00edodo analizado se han debido fundamentalmente a China&nbsp;por el lado de las importaciones y a Hait\u00ed&nbsp;e India&nbsp;por el de las exportaciones<\/p>\n<p><i>jpm-am<\/i><\/p>\n<div class=\"heateor_sss_sharing_container heateor_sss_horizontal_sharing\" data-heateor-sss-href=\"https:\/\/almomento.net\/el-comercio-exterior-de-rd-2002-2025\/\" readability=\"7\">\n<p>Comp\u00e1rtelo en tus redes:<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p> <!-- .entry-content --> <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Escuchar art\u00edculo Reproducir Pausar Detener Los datos&#46;&#46;&#46;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":479621,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[60],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-479620","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-economicas"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.6 - 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