{"id":499216,"date":"2026-10-22T19:10:21","date_gmt":"2026-10-22T19:10:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/6ada3b9d0fff1f7bbeccc234"},"modified":"2026-10-22T19:10:21","modified_gmt":"2026-10-22T19:10:21","slug":"consiguen-domesticar-una-particula-de-antimateria-para-estudiar-sus-secretos","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sarmiento24h.com\/?p=499216","title":{"rendered":"Consiguen \u00abdomesticar\u00bb una part\u00edcula de antimateria para estudiar sus secretos"},"content":{"rendered":"

Un equipo de f\u00edsicos de Northwestern University, en Estados Unidos, consigui\u00f3 mantener atrapada durante meses una sola part\u00edcula de antimateria, enfriarla a temperaturas cercanas al cero absoluto y controlar sus estados cu\u00e1nticos con gran precisi\u00f3n sin siquiera tocarla. El experimento, publicado en la revista cient\u00edfica Physical Review Letters<\/a>,<\/em> representa un avance que la universidad describe como algo similar a haber conseguido \u201cdomesticar\u201d una part\u00edcula de antimateria.<\/p>\n

La antimateria<\/a> es uno de los grandes misterios de la f\u00edsica. Las matem\u00e1ticas predicen que cada part\u00edcula de materia tiene una antipart\u00edcula equivalente, algo que los cient\u00edficos han comprobado experimentalmente. Sin embargo, aunque el universo deber\u00eda contener cantidades similares de ambas, casi todo lo que observamos est\u00e1 formado por materia ordinaria y todav\u00eda no sabemos por qu\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Es posible producir antimateria en laboratorios, pero estudiarla presenta dificultades. Cuando una antipart\u00edcula entra en contacto con su equivalente de materia ordinaria, ambas se aniquilan y liberan energ\u00eda. Para evitar que los centros de investigaci\u00f3n<\/a> exploten, los cient\u00edficos utilizan c\u00e1maras de vac\u00edo y campos electromagn\u00e9ticos que permiten mantener las antipart\u00edculas aisladas. As\u00ed han conseguido conservarlas durante periodos prolongados. Pero el problema solo esta parcialmente solucionado. Estudiar y controlar su comportamiento a escala cu\u00e1ntica sigue siendo complicado.<\/p>\n

En este experimento, los investigadores de Northwestern trabajaron con un positr\u00f3n, la antipart\u00edcula del electr\u00f3n. El equipo, dirigido por Gerald Gabrielse, desarroll\u00f3 un dispositivo conocido como ciclotr\u00f3n cu\u00e1ntico de un positr\u00f3n, con el que consigui\u00f3 mantener una sola antipart\u00edcula atrapada durante meses y controlar sus estados cu\u00e1nticos.<\/p>\n

Los f\u00edsicos utilizaron campos el\u00e9ctricos y magn\u00e9ticos para mantener al positr\u00f3n suspendido en el vac\u00edo, a una temperatura cercana al cero absoluto. En estas condiciones consiguieron llevarlo a su estado de menor energ\u00eda y provocar cambios controlados en su comportamiento cu\u00e1ntico. Tambi\u00e9n pudieron observar esos cambios sin destruir la part\u00edcula, lo que les permiti\u00f3 repetir las mediciones sobre el mismo positr\u00f3n.<\/p>\n

\n
\n
\"antimateria\"<\/picture><\/span><\/div>\n
\n
Por qu\u00e9 los propulsores de antimateria son el futuro de la exploraci\u00f3n espacial<\/a><\/div>\n

Con la tecnolog\u00eda actual, es inconcebible viajar al borde del sistema solar o a otros sistemas en tiempos \u00abhumanos\u00bb. Una esperanza es idear propulsores de antimateria, pero hay que invertir.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u00bfQu\u00e9 podemos descubrir si controlamos la antimateria?<\/h2>\n

Los cient\u00edficos saben que la materia y la antimateria<\/a> tienen propiedades muy similares. Por ejemplo, un electr\u00f3n y un positr\u00f3n poseen exactamente la misma masa, aunque sus cargas el\u00e9ctricas son opuestas. Sin embargo, todav\u00eda quieren comprobar hasta qu\u00e9 punto se parecen y si existen peque\u00f1as diferencias que hayan pasado inadvertidas en los experimentos realizados hasta ahora.<\/p>\n

Para responder estas preguntas, los investigadores quieren comparar las propiedades magn\u00e9ticas de ambas part\u00edculas. Los f\u00edsicos ya han realizado mediciones muy precisas con electrones, pero alcanzar el mismo nivel con positrones ha resultado m\u00e1s complicado. Seg\u00fan la Sociedad Estadounidense de F\u00edsica, el nuevo dispositivo podr\u00eda permitir mediciones unas 30 veces m\u00e1s precisas que las anteriores.<\/p>\n

Por ahora, el experimento no ha revelado ninguna diferencia inesperada entre ambas part\u00edculas. Lo que han conseguido los investigadores es mejorar la capacidad para buscarlas. Si las futuras mediciones encuentran que un positr\u00f3n responde a los campos magn\u00e9ticos de manera distinta a la prevista, los cient\u00edficos tendr\u00edan que revisar algunas de las leyes que utilizan para explicar el comportamiento de la materia y la antimateria.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Un equipo de f\u00edsicos de Northwestern University,...<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":499217,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[46],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-499216","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tecnologia"],"yoast_head":"\nConsiguen "domesticar" una part\u00edcula de antimateria para estudiar sus secretos - 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