{"id":57652,"date":"2026-03-12T11:17:09","date_gmt":"2026-03-12T11:17:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/4546e100-1dff-11f1-82e5-6f99a309dc48"},"modified":"2026-03-12T11:17:09","modified_gmt":"2026-03-12T11:17:09","slug":"china-aprueba-una-ley-de-unidad-etnica-que-refuerza-el-uso-del-mandarin-podria-afectar-a-las-minorias","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sarmiento24h.com\/?p=57652","title":{"rendered":"China aprueba una ley de \u00abunidad \u00e9tnica\u00bb que refuerza el uso del mandar\u00edn, \u00bfpodr\u00eda afectar a las minor\u00edas?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/sarmiento24h.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/china-aprueba-una-ley-de-unidad-etnica-que-refuerza-el-uso-del-mandarin-podria-afectar-a-las-minorias.jpg\" class=\"ff-og-image-inserted\"><\/div>\n<p>La Asamblea Popular Nacional de <a href=\"https:\/\/www.france24.com\/es\/tag\/china\/\" target=\"_self\" class=\"gtm-add-suggested-tag\">China<\/a> aprob\u00f3 lo que denomin\u00f3 una ley de \u00abunidad \u00e9tnica\u00bb, que formaliza pol\u00edticas destinadas a promover el mandar\u00edn como \u00ablengua com\u00fan nacional\u00bb en la educaci\u00f3n, los asuntos oficiales y los espacios p\u00fablicos.<\/p>\n<p>Tambi\u00e9n establece que sus disposiciones pueden aplicarse fuera de las fronteras de la naci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n<p>Aunque China reconoce oficialmente 55 minor\u00edas \u00e9tnicas dentro de sus fronteras, que hablan cientos de lenguas y dialectos, y ninguna lengua minoritaria se menciona espec\u00edficamente en la ley, defensores de derechos humanos alertan de que la nueva legislaci\u00f3n podr\u00eda aumentar la marginaci\u00f3n de minor\u00edas como los uigures, grupo \u00e9tnico t\u00farquico nativo de la regi\u00f3n aut\u00f3noma de <a href=\"https:\/\/www.france24.com\/es\/tag\/xinjiang\/\" target=\"_self\" class=\"gtm-add-suggested-tag\">Xinjiang<\/a>, en el noroeste del pa\u00eds.<\/p>\n<p>La nueva legislaci\u00f3n ha sido descrita por Yalkun Uluyol, investigador sobre China de <a href=\"https:\/\/www.france24.com\/es\/tag\/human-rights-watch\/\" target=\"_self\" class=\"gtm-add-suggested-tag\">Human Rights Watch<\/a>, como<strong> una \u00abdesviaci\u00f3n significativa\u00bb de la pol\u00edtica de la era de Deng Xiaoping que garantizaba el derecho de las minor\u00edas a usar sus propias lenguas.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Durante d\u00e9cadas, el gobierno chino ha sido acusado de impulsar pol\u00edticas de asimilaci\u00f3n destinadas a integrar a las distintas poblaciones del pa\u00eds en la mayor\u00eda \u00e9tnica han, la m\u00e1s numerosa del mundo.<\/p>\n<p>Uno de los ejes centrales de la nueva ley es la cohesi\u00f3n social dentro del pa\u00eds, que, seg\u00fan el texto legislativo, atraviesa cambios sociales sin precedentes.<\/p>\n<p>La normativa criminaliza la participaci\u00f3n en \u00abactividades terroristas violentas, actividades separatistas \u00e9tnicas o actividades religiosas extremistas\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p>Aunque el mandar\u00edn ya se utilizaba como lengua de ense\u00f1anza en algunas regiones con grandes poblaciones minoritarias, como T\u00edbet y <a href=\"https:\/\/www.france24.com\/es\/tag\/mongolia\/\" target=\"_self\" class=\"gtm-add-suggested-tag\">Mongolia<\/a> Interior, l<strong>as instituciones educativas deber\u00e1n ahora emplearlo como idioma principal de ense\u00f1anza.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Por lo tanto, los adolescentes deber\u00e1n tener \u00abun conocimiento b\u00e1sico\u00bb del mandar\u00edn al finalizar la educaci\u00f3n obligatoria.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"quote\" readability=\"10\">\n<p>\u00abNo es casualidad que la ley apunte a los espacios donde los ni\u00f1os tienen m\u00e1s probabilidades de encontrarse con su lengua materna&#8230; El objetivo es cortar los v\u00ednculos de los ni\u00f1os con su identidad, su historia y su cultura\u00bb, declar\u00f3 Erika Nguyen, de PEN America.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>M\u00e1s del 80 % de los sitios web en lengua mongola en China han sido censurados o prohibidos, se\u00f1ala un informe reciente de PEN y del Southern Mongolian Human Rights Information Center (SMHRIC).<\/p>\n<p>Para el director del SMHRIC, Enghebatu Togochog, <strong>exigir dominio del mandar\u00edn en la vida p\u00fablica tambi\u00e9n podr\u00eda limitar las oportunidades profesionales de los hablantes de mongol.<\/strong><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"quote\" readability=\"9\">\n<p>\u00abEcon\u00f3micamente, margina a los mongoles, ya que la fluidez en chino se convierte en un filtro para acceder a empleos y oportunidades de ascenso\u00bb, dijo Togochog.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>Quiz\u00e1s la parte m\u00e1s delicada de la ley es que llama a \u00abfortalecer los lazos\u00bb con las comunidades chinas en el extranjero, pero al mismo tiempo advierte que las personas fuera de China que \u00abparticipen en actividades que socaven la unidad \u00e9tnica\u00bb o inciten al \u201cseparatismo \u00e9tnico\u201d podr\u00e1n ser consideradas legalmente responsables.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La Asamblea Popular Nacional de China aprob\u00f3&#46;&#46;&#46;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":57653,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[43],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-57652","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-internacionales"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.9 - 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