{"id":7515,"date":"2026-01-19T04:14:03","date_gmt":"2026-01-19T04:14:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/almomento.net\/?p=1092998"},"modified":"2026-01-19T04:14:03","modified_gmt":"2026-01-19T04:14:03","slug":"los-partidos-deben-ser-capaces-de-reformarse-opinion","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sarmiento24h.com\/?p=7515","title":{"rendered":"Los partidos deben ser capaces\u00a0de reformarse (OPINION)"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\"imagen\"<\/a><\/p>\n

El autor es abogado y pol\u00edtico. Reside en Santo Domingo.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n

La famosa advertencia de Hans Kelsen a los enemigos de los partidos pol\u00edticos en el sentido de que\u201cla democracia, necesaria e inevitablemente, requiere un Estado de partidos\u00bb, <\/i>deber\u00eda ser un motivo para el cumplimiento efectivo de su funcionamiento democr\u00e1tico.<\/p>\n

No se puede negar que desde hace d\u00e9cadas los partidos pol\u00edticos han sido atacados, m\u00e1s que nunca, por sus detractores, bajo el argumento de que est\u00e1n afectados por crisis de legitimidad, afiliaci\u00f3n y confianza ciudadana. En ese mal ambiente, hablan de desencanto democr\u00e1tico, para consolidar la percepci\u00f3n de estructuras cerradas, liderazgos perpetuados y desconexi\u00f3n con las demandas sociales.<\/p>\n

A estos argumentos le responde Piero Ignazi, en Partido y Democracia, sosteniendo que esta crisis no debe interpretarse como el fin de los partidos, sino como una fase de transformaci\u00f3n que abre espacios reales para su renovaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n

Igual que Kelsen, el referido autor sostiene que los partidos siguen siendo actores insustituibles de la democracia representativa, agregando que no existe, hasta ahora, un mecanismo alternativo que garantice de manera estable la agregaci\u00f3n de intereses, la formaci\u00f3n de \u00e9lites pol\u00edticas responsables y la articulaci\u00f3n entre sociedad y Estado. La cuesti\u00f3n central no es, por tanto, si los partidos deben desaparecer, sino c\u00f3mo pueden adaptarse a sociedades m\u00e1s complejas, informadas y exigentes.<\/p>\n

La renovaci\u00f3n partidaria, seg\u00fan Ignazi, es factible si se producen cambios en tres dimensiones clave: la organizativa, la program\u00e1tica y la relacional, al tiempo que agrega que en el plano organizativo, los partidos deben abandonar estructuras excesivamente jer\u00e1rquicas y opacas, abriendo espacios efectivos de participaci\u00f3n interna. La democratizaci\u00f3n de los procesos de selecci\u00f3n de candidaturas y de toma de decisiones no solo fortalece la legitimidad interna, sino que tambi\u00e9n reconstruye la confianza externa.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

En el plano program\u00e1tico, la renovaci\u00f3n exige coherencia ideol\u00f3gica combinada con capacidad de adaptaci\u00f3n. Ignazi advierte contra los partidos \u201catrapalotodo\u201d vac\u00edos de contenido, que sacrifican identidad por oportunismo electoral. Un partido renovado no es aquel que abandona sus principios, sino el que los reinterpreta a la luz de nuevas realidades sociales, econ\u00f3micas y culturales.<\/p>\n

Esta visi\u00f3n dialoga, de manera cr\u00edtica, con el cl\u00e1sico planteamiento de Robert Michels y su c\u00e9lebre \u201cley de hierro de la oligarqu\u00eda\u201d. Para Michels, toda organizaci\u00f3n compleja, incluidos los partidos, tiende inevitablemente a concentrar el poder en una \u00e9lite dirigente, alej\u00e1ndose progresivamente de sus bases. Desde esta perspectiva, la renovaci\u00f3n parecer\u00eda una aspiraci\u00f3n limitada, siempre amenazada por la l\u00f3gica organizativa.<\/p>\n

No obstante, Ignazi no niega la vigencia del diagn\u00f3stico de Michels, pero lo relativiza, se\u00f1alando que la tendencia a la oligarquizaci\u00f3n no es un destino ineludible, sino un riesgo permanente que puede ser contenido mediante reglas, contrapesos y cultura democr\u00e1tica interna. La diferencia entre decadencia y renovaci\u00f3n radica en la capacidad de los partidos para reconocer ese riesgo y actuar conscientemente contra \u00e9l.<\/p>\n

En las democracias contempor\u00e1neas, la presi\u00f3n ciudadana, la transparencia, las tecnolog\u00edas digitales y la competencia pol\u00edtica crean condiciones in\u00e9ditas para frenar la clausura olig\u00e1rquica. La renovaci\u00f3n es posible cuando los partidos aceptan que el poder no es patrimonio de una c\u00fapula, sino un mandato temporal otorgado por la militancia y el electorado.<\/p>\n

En definitiva, la renovaci\u00f3n de los partidos no es autom\u00e1tica ni garantizada, pero s\u00ed factible. Como se\u00f1ala Ignazi, los partidos que sobreviven no son los m\u00e1s r\u00edgidos, sino los que comprenden que la democracia empieza en casa. Entre la advertencia de Michels y la propuesta reformista de Ignazi se llega a la conclusi\u00f3n de que los partidos deben ser capaces de reformarse para seguir siendo pilares de la democracia y no obst\u00e1culos para su desarrollo.<\/p>\n

jpm-am<\/i><\/p>\n

\n

Comp\u00e1rtelo en tus redes:<\/p>\n<\/div>\n


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