{"id":81132,"date":"2026-03-24T18:47:31","date_gmt":"2026-03-24T18:47:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/69c2c26025d66592154a48c9"},"modified":"2026-03-24T18:47:31","modified_gmt":"2026-03-24T18:47:31","slug":"resulta-que-no-puedes-clonar-el-mismo-mamifero-por-siempre-segun-estudio","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sarmiento24h.com\/?p=81132","title":{"rendered":"Resulta que no puedes clonar el mismo mam\u00edfero por siempre, seg\u00fan estudio"},"content":{"rendered":"

La clonaci\u00f3n en mam\u00edferos no puede extenderse hasta el infinito. Durante 20 a\u00f1os, un equipo de investigadores japoneses clon\u00f3 ratones una y otra vez a partir de una sola hembra, generando m\u00e1s de 1,200 animales distribuidos en 58 generaciones. Ese esfuerzo les permiti\u00f3 identificar el punto exacto en el que la clonaci\u00f3n deja de ser viable: la generaci\u00f3n 58 marc\u00f3 el colapso del linaje.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Todos los ratones de esa \u00faltima generaci\u00f3n murieron al d\u00eda siguiente de nacer, v\u00edctimas de las mutaciones acumuladas<\/a> en su genoma. Es importante destacar que el deterioro no apareci\u00f3 de golpe; los primeros signos surgieron alrededor de la generaci\u00f3n 27. Hasta la generaci\u00f3n 25, los animales se desarrollaron con normalidad. Los resultados completos del experimento, uno de los m\u00e1s prolongados en biolog\u00eda mam\u00edfera, aparecieron hoy en Nature Communications<\/em><\/a>.<\/p>\n

Con cada ronda de clonaci\u00f3n sucesiva, el ADN acumul\u00f3 da\u00f1os cada vez m\u00e1s profundos. Seg\u00fan el estudio, los ratones clonados terminaron con unas 3,700 mutaciones puntuales, alrededor de 80 indels, peque\u00f1as p\u00e9rdidas o inserciones de ADN, y entre 80 y 84 variantes estructurales grandes, capaces de romper genes completos o eliminar regiones esenciales para el desarrollo. Las \u00faltimas generaciones llegaron a perder un cromosoma X, un evento gen\u00e9tico grave que compromete la viabilidad.<\/p>\n

\n
\n
\"Detalle<\/picture><\/span><\/div>\n
\n
Cuando los clones de caballos llegaron al polo, todo se sali\u00f3 de control<\/a><\/div>\n

Clonaron el mejor caballo de una leyenda del polo. Pero cuando un solo clon est\u00e1 valorado en 800,000 d\u00f3lares, las traiciones brotan.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n

El sexo al rescate de los clones<\/h2>\n

Aun as\u00ed, el linaje no qued\u00f3 completamente perdido. Cuando las hembras clonadas<\/a> de generaciones tard\u00edas se reprodujeron con machos normales, la meiosis y la recombinaci\u00f3n sexual lograron \u201climpiar\u201d parte del da\u00f1o acumulado. Aunque muchos embriones no prosperaron, algunos reorganizaron su genoma durante la formaci\u00f3n de \u00f3vulos y espermatozoides, eliminando mutaciones letales y corrigiendo errores estructurales. Los descendientes nacidos por reproducci\u00f3n sexual recuperaron camadas casi normales y placentas sanas.<\/p>\n

El autor principal del estudio, Teruhiko Wakayama, tambi\u00e9n firm\u00f3 en 1998 el art\u00edculo que describi\u00f3 la primera clonaci\u00f3n exitosa de un rat\u00f3n<\/a>. Desde entonces, ha dedicado casi tres d\u00e9cadas a explorar los l\u00edmites de la clonaci\u00f3n en mam\u00edferos. \u201cEste es un experimento heroico, del todo impresionante y seguramente irrepetible. Dudo que haya otros investigadores tan t\u00e9cnicamente avanzados y con la suficiente perseverancia para repetir este estudio\u201d, dijo Llu\u00eds Montoliu, investigador en el Centro Nacional de Biotecnolog\u00eda (CNB-CSIC), que no particip\u00f3 en la investigaci\u00f3n, para el Science Media Centre Espa\u00f1a<\/em> (SMC)<\/p>\n

\u201cSe trata de un experimento \u00fanico de investigaci\u00f3n b\u00e1sica que permite responder a preguntas biol\u00f3gicas tan relevantes como entender por qu\u00e9 los mam\u00edferos optamos por incorporar un sistema de reproducci\u00f3n sexual, y no uno asexual\u201d, agreg\u00f3.<\/p>\n

\n
\"Dos<\/picture><\/span><\/div>\n
<\/p>\n

Dos perros clonados en Corea del Sur.<\/p>\n

<\/span>Handout\/Getty Images<\/span><\/div>\n<\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La clonaci\u00f3n en mam\u00edferos no puede extenderse...<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":81133,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[46],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-81132","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tecnologia"],"yoast_head":"\nResulta que no puedes clonar el mismo mam\u00edfero por siempre, seg\u00fan estudio - 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