Ginebra, 26 mar.- El D\u00eda Mundial de la Tuberculosis es celebrado hoy con un llamado a la prevenci\u00f3n y al compromiso de los gobiernos a incrementar sus inversiones en pos de soluciones que minimicen el impacto de esta dolencia letal.<\/p>\n
De acuerdo con la Organizaci\u00f3n Mundial de la Salud (OMS), la tuberculosis no qued\u00f3 en el pasado, sigue viva hoy con graves consecuencias para la sociedad moderna.<\/p>\n
A pesar de los avances cient\u00edficos y la disponibilidad de una vacuna, a\u00fan es una de las enfermedades infecciosas m\u00e1s persistentes y mortales del planeta.<\/p>\n
Se estima que una cuarta parte de la poblaci\u00f3n mundial est\u00e1 infectada por el bacilo de la tuberculosis, pero a\u00fan no ha enfermado ni pueden transmitir la infecci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n
Este grupo de personas infectadas de forma latente tiene un riesgo de enfermar de tuberculosis a lo largo de su vida de entre el cinco y el 10 por ciento.<\/p>\n
De acuerdo con la literatura m\u00e9dica, las personas con infecci\u00f3n tuberculosa latente no se sienten enfermas ni pueden transmitir el bacilo, y solo un peque\u00f1o porcentaje de ellas desarrollar\u00e1 la patolog\u00eda y tendr\u00e1 s\u00edntomas.<\/p>\n
El riesgo de enfermar es mayor en los beb\u00e9s y los ni\u00f1os. Adem\u00e1s, hay afecciones y conductas que pueden aumentar el riesgo de contraer la tuberculosis, como la diabetes, un sistema inmunitario debilitado (por ejemplo, por la infecci\u00f3n por el VIH o el sida), la malnutrici\u00f3n y el consumo de tabaco, alertan especialistas.<\/p>\n
La forma m\u00e1s com\u00fan de esta enfermedad afecta los pulmones, pero puede diseminarse a otros \u00f3rganos, como los ri\u00f1ones, la columna vertebral o el cerebro.<\/p>\n
En estos casos, conocidos como tuberculosis extrapulmonar, las complicaciones pueden derivar en cuadros severos como meningitis, artritis, osteomielitis o insuficiencia renal.<\/p>\n
La sintomatolog\u00eda puede ser tan inespec\u00edfica como grave: fiebre persistente, sudoraciones nocturnas, tos de m\u00e1s de tres semanas, a veces con sangre, fatiga, p\u00e9rdida de peso y del apetito. Aunque cualquiera de estos signos puede deberse a otras causas, afirman los especialistas<\/p>\n
Se trata de una dolencia infecciosa que afecta a los pulmones y que es causada por una bacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) que se transmite de una persona a otra a trav\u00e9s de las gotitas de aerosol que permanecen en el aire tras haber sido expulsadas por personas con enfermedad pulmonar activa.<\/p>\n
La tuberculosis se puede prevenir a trav\u00e9s de la vacuna BCG y curar a trav\u00e9s de la indicaci\u00f3n de medicaci\u00f3n espec\u00edfica. De acuerdo a cifras publicadas por la OMS, cerca del 85 por ciento de las personas que la contraen evolucionan satisfactoriamente con una pauta terap\u00e9utica de cuatro a seis meses.<\/p>\n
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