{"id":8657,"date":"2026-01-29T04:04:07","date_gmt":"2026-01-29T04:04:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/almomento.net\/?p=1095192"},"modified":"2026-01-29T04:04:07","modified_gmt":"2026-01-29T04:04:07","slug":"la-salud-en-el-periodo-1961-a-1965-ii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sarmiento24h.com\/?p=8657","title":{"rendered":"La salud en el per\u00edodo 1961 a 1965 (II)"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

\"imagen\"<\/a><\/p>\n

El autor es m\u00e9dico oftalm\u00f3logo. Reside en Santo Domingo.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n

El final de la Era de Trujillo marc\u00f3 un per\u00edodo de convulsa transici\u00f3n, que afect\u00f3 tanto a los m\u00e9dicos como al sistema sanitario. Adem\u00e1s de la destituci\u00f3n de personal m\u00e9dico y directivo, provoc\u00f3 que la Asociaci\u00f3n M\u00e9dica Dominicana resurgiera con fuerza para convertirse en el gremio de los m\u00e9dicos. Esa agrupaci\u00f3n profesional, fundada en 1891, hab\u00eda estado relegada debido a las situaciones de la ocupaci\u00f3n militar norteamericana o a la dictadura que no permit\u00edan el surgimiento de una agrupaci\u00f3n que tuviera como objetivo la protecci\u00f3n de los derechos de los profesionales de la medicina.<\/p>\n

Figuras como los doctores Marcelino V\u00e9lez o Jordi Brossa, marcaron el resurgimiento del hoy Colegio M\u00e9dico Dominicano. En esos a\u00f1os se producen huelgas m\u00e9dicas buscando mejores condiciones de trabajo y vida para los m\u00e9dicos.  En 1962, el Consejo de Estado aplic\u00f3 medidas de austeridad que impactaron fuertemente en la situaci\u00f3n sanitaria. La reducci\u00f3n de salarios en la administraci\u00f3n p\u00fablica afect\u00f3 los hospitales. Pero tambi\u00e9n la falta de liquidez del gobierno produjo una escasez de insumos que afectaba el d\u00eda a d\u00eda de los hospitales.<\/p>\n

Jordi Brossa<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

En 1962 se celebraron en el mes de diciembre elecciones con un real talante democr\u00e1tico en las que triunf\u00f3 Juan Bosh, l\u00edder del Partido Revolucionario Dominicano, quien hab\u00eda retornado al pa\u00eds en 1961.  La concepci\u00f3n de Bosh sobre la salud era totalmente opuesta a la existente. De una sanidad interpretada casi como de caridad se postulaba una salud p\u00fablica como un derecho humano fundamental y que deber\u00eda estar garantizada por el Estado.<\/p>\n

Entre sus art\u00edculos establec\u00eda por ejemplo que el servicio era universal, eliminando el concepto de beneficencia y asumiendo todo como una salud de la que el Estado era responsable.  Eso cambiaba el enfoque clientelar y sesgado que reg\u00eda hasta entonces.  En el art\u00edculo 51 vinculaba la seguridad alimentaria a la salud p\u00fablica. Reconoc\u00eda el profesor Bosh el dicho de que la salud entra por la boca.<\/p>\n

En otro art\u00edculo igualaba los derechos de los hijos naturales y leg\u00edtimos, lo que permit\u00eda acceso al sistema de salud a madres solteras.  Esa constituci\u00f3n tambi\u00e9n establec\u00eda el derecho a una vivienda propia e higi\u00e9nica.  En otro de sus art\u00edculos priorizaba la salud sobre la recaudaci\u00f3n fiscal, proponiendo medidas que controlaran los precios de los alimentos y la eliminaci\u00f3n de aranceles. Esta \u00faltima medida provoc\u00f3 enfrentamientos con grupos de importadores de medicinas o de farmac\u00e9uticos locales que interpretaron esas medidas como pr\u00e1cticas comunistas.<\/p>\n

Marcelino V\u00e9lez Santana<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Pero tambi\u00e9n hubo oposici\u00f3n a muchas de esas medidas desde la Asociaci\u00f3n M\u00e9dica Dominicana, en cuyo seno, figuras conservadoras de la Uni\u00f3n C\u00edvica, entend\u00edan esas medidas como un peligro al ejercicio privado y libre de la profesi\u00f3n.  Como vemos, la tensi\u00f3n pol\u00edtica, influenciada por diversos grupos, afectaba el desarrollo y progreso de la profesi\u00f3n m\u00e9dica y afectaba la salud p\u00fablica. Hay que agregar el miedo en sectores sociales a que se estableciera en el pa\u00eds un r\u00e9gimen comunista como el de Castro en Cuba.<\/p>\n

Esos a\u00f1os, marcados por los conflictos, marcaron, sin embargo, el camino a nuestro desarrollo m\u00e9dico, con la aparici\u00f3n de las sociedades m\u00e9dicas especializadas.  Se pas\u00f3 de la salud como d\u00e1diva del dictador (1961) a la salud como derecho constitucional (1963), para luego caer en la salud como emergencia de guerra (1965).<\/p>\n

El legado m\u00e1s duradero de este lustro no fueron los edificios (que ya estaban ah\u00ed) ni las leyes (que fueron derogadas), sino la transformaci\u00f3n del capital humano: una clase m\u00e9dica que despert\u00f3 a la realidad social del pa\u00eds y una ciudadan\u00eda que, por primera vez, entendi\u00f3 que la salud era un derecho por el cual val\u00eda la pena luchar.<\/p>\n

JPM<\/p>\n

\n

Comp\u00e1rtelo en tus redes:<\/p>\n<\/div>\n


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